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首页> 外文期刊>Ecography >Self-organised patchiness and scale-dependent bio-geomorphic feedbacks in aquatic river vegetation
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Self-organised patchiness and scale-dependent bio-geomorphic feedbacks in aquatic river vegetation

机译：水生河流植被中自组织的斑块和尺度依赖的生物地貌反馈

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Spatial self-organisation of ecosystems is the process by which large-scale ordered spatial patterns emerge from disordered initial conditions through local feedbacks between organisms and their environment. Such process is considered important for ecosystem functioning, providing increased productivity, resistance and resilience against environmental change. Although spatial self-organisation has been found for an increasing number of ecosystems, it has never been shown so far for aquatic river vegetation. Here we explore the existence of spatial self-organisation of freshwater macrophyte patches in a typical lowland river (Belgium), showing that the underlying mechanisms for pattern formation are scale-dependent feedbacks between plant growth, water flow and local river bed erosion and sedimentation. The mapping of vegetation patches showed that the frequency distribution of patch sizes is governed by a power-law function, suggesting that the patches are self-organised. Scale-dependent feedbacks, likely to lead to this self-organised pattern, were demonstrated with a mimic experiment. Both positive and negative feedbacks on plants were confirmed by a transplantation experiment. Placing vegetation patch mimics in the river showed experimentally that on a short range (within and behind the mimics) flow reduction and increased sedimentation occurred, while on a larger range (next to patches) the flow was accelerated and decreased sedimentation took place. By transplanting macrophytes within, next to and further away from existing patches, it was proven that the conditions within the patches favoured the survival and growth of transplants (i.e. short-range positive feedback), while the conditions just next to patches led to decreased survival and growth (i.e. long-range negative feedback).
机译：生态系统的空间自组织是一个过程，在此过程中，有序的初始条件通过有机体与其环境之间的局部反馈而形成了有序的大规模空间格局。这种过程被认为对于生态系统的功能很重要，它可以提供更高的生产力，抵抗力和抵御环境变化的能力。尽管已经为越来越多的生态系统发现了空间自组织，但是到目前为止，对于水生河流植被从未显示过。在这里，我们探讨了典型的低地河流（比利时）中淡水大型植物斑块空间自组织的存在，表明模式形成的潜在机制是植物生长，水流与局部河床侵蚀和沉积之间的尺度相关反馈。植被斑块的映射表明，斑块大小的频率分布受幂律函数的控制，表明这些斑块是自组织的。模仿实验证明了规模依赖的反馈，很可能导致这种自组织模式。通过移植实验证实了对植物的正反馈和负反馈。通过在河中放置植被斑块模拟物，实验表明，在短距离内（在模拟物之内和之后），流量减少且沉积增加，而在较大范围（斑块附近），流量加速且沉积减少。通过将大型植物移植到现有斑块内，附近或远离现有斑块，已证明斑块内的条件有利于移植物的存活和生长（即短程阳性反馈），而斑块旁的条件导致存活率降低和成长（即长期负面反馈）。

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