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首页> 外文期刊>Ecography >A diversity of beta diversities: straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity
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A diversity of beta diversities: straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity

机译：Beta的多样性：弄清概念出了问题。第1部分。定义beta多样性作为alpha和gamma多样性的函数

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摘要

The term beta diversity has been used to refer to a wide variety of phenomena. Although all of these encompass some kind of compositional heterogeneity between places, many are not related to each other in any predictable way. The present two-part review aims to put the different phenomena that have been called beta diversity into a common conceptual framework, and to explain what each of them measures. In this first part, the focus is on defining a beta component of diversity. This involves deciding what diversity is and how the observed total or gamma diversity (g) is partitioned into alpha (a) and beta (b) components. Several different definitions of ‘‘beta diversity’’ that result from these decisions have been used in the ecological literature. True beta diversity is obtained when the total effective number of species in a dataset (true gamma diversity g) is multiplicatively partitioned into the effective number of species per compositionally distinct virtual sampling unit (true alpha diversity ad) and the effective number of such compositional units (bMdg/ad). All true diversities quantify the effective number of types of entities. Because the other variants of ‘‘beta diversity’’ that have been used by ecologists quantify other phenomena, an alternative nomenclature is proposed here for the seven most popular beta components: regional-to-local diversity ratio, two-way diversity ratio, absolute effective species turnover (regional diversity excess), Whittaker’s effective species turnover, proportional effective species turnover, regional entropy excess and regional variance excess. In the second part of the review, the focus will be on how to quantify these phenomena in practice. This involves deciding how the sampling units that contribute to total diversity are selected, and whether the entity that is quantified is all of ‘‘beta diversity’’, a specific part of ‘‘beta diversity’’, the rate of change in ‘‘beta diversity’’ in relation to a given external factor, or something else.
机译：术语“β多样性”已被用来指代各种各样的现象。尽管所有这些都包含了地点之间某种形式的组成异质性，但许多都不以任何可预测的方式相互关联。本研究分为两部分，旨在将被称为β多样性的不同现象纳入一个共同的概念框架，并解释每种现象所采取的措施。在第一部分中，重点是定义多样性的beta组件。这涉及确定什么是多样性，以及如何将观察到的总或伽玛多样性（g）分为alpha（a）和beta（b）分量。由这些决定得出的“β多样性”的几种不同定义已在生态文献中使用。当将数据集中物种的总有效数量（真实伽玛多样性g）乘以每个有效成分不同的虚拟采样单位的有效物种数（真实alpha多样性ad）和此类组成单位的有效数量时，便获得了真实beta多样性（bMdg / ad）。所有真实的多样性都量化了实体类型的有效数量。由于生态学家使用的“β多样性”的其他变体对其他现象进行了量化，因此在此提出了七个最受欢迎的β成分的替代命名法：区域对本地多样性比，双向多样性比，绝对值有效物种周转率（区域多样性超额），Whittaker的有效物种周转率，有效物种比例周转率，区域熵过剩和区域方差过剩。在审查的第二部分中，重点将放在如何在实践中量化这些现象。这涉及确定如何选择对总多样性有贡献的抽样单位，以及量化的实体是否全部为“β多样性”，“β多样性”的特定部分，“变化率”。 Beta多样性''与给定的外部因素或其他因素有关。

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