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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological Applications >Factors contributing to process variance in annual survival of female Greater Sage-Grouse in Montana
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Factors contributing to process variance in annual survival of female Greater Sage-Grouse in Montana

机译：蒙大拿州女性大鼠尾草年生存的过程差异因素

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Populations of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have declined by 69-99% from historic levels, and information on population dynamics of these birds at a landscape scale is essential to informed management. We examined the relationships between hen survival and a suite of landscape-scale habitat and environmental conditions. We radio-marked 237 female Sage-Grouse and measured 426 vegetation plots during 2001-2004 at four sites in a 3200-km(2) landscape in north-central Montana, USA. We used program MARK to model monthly survival rates for 11 seasonal intervals. There was strong support for the best-approximating model (AIC(c) weight = 0.810), which indicated that (1) hen survival varied by season within years' and by year within seasons, (2) nesting hens had higher nesting-season survival than non-nesting hens, and (3) individuals at one site had lower hunting-season survival than at other sites. We observed considerable variation in hen survival. Process variation was 0.255, with an expected range of annual survival of 0.12 to 1.0. The ratio of process to total variation was 0.999, indicating that observed variation was real and not attributable to sampling variation. We observed a nearly fourfold difference in maximum and minimum annual survival, ranging from 0.962 +/- 0.024 (mean +/- SE) for nesting hens in 2001-2002 to 0.247 +/- 0.050) for non-nesters in 2003-2004. Low annual survival in 2003 resulted from the compounded effects of a West Nile virus outbreak in August and a severe winter in 2003-2004. Increased hen mortality associated with severe winter weather contrasts with prior beliefs that Sage-Grouse populations are typically unaffected by winter weather conditions and underscores the importance of protecting winter sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats.
机译：大鼠尾草（Centrocercus urophasianus）的种群数量较历史水平下降了69-99％，在景观范围内有关这些鸟类种群动态的信息对于明智的管理至关重要。我们研究了母鸡生存与一系列景观尺度栖息地和环境条件之间的关系。在2001-2004年期间，我们对237只雌性鼠尾草进行了放射性标记，并在美国中北部蒙大拿州3200公里（2）景观中的四个地点测量了426个植被地块。我们使用MARK程序对11个季节间隔的每月生存率进行建模。最佳近似模型（AIC（c）权重= 0.810）得到了有力的支持，该模型表明（1）母鸡的存活率在几年内逐年变化，在季节内逐年变化，（2）筑巢母鸡的筑巢季节较高（3）一个地点的个体的狩猎季节生存期比其他地点的个体低。我们观察到母鸡存活率有很大差异。过程变异为0.255，预期的年生存范围为0.12至1.0。过程与总变异的比率为0.999，表明观察到的变异是真实的，而不是归因于采样变异。我们观察到最大和最小年生存率几乎相差四倍，从2001-2002年的产蛋母鸡为0.962 +/- 0.024（平均+/- SE）到2003-2004年的非产蛋鸡为0.247 +/- 0.050。 2003年8月的西尼罗河病毒爆发和2003-2004年的严冬导致了2003年的低年生存率。与严峻的冬季天气相关的母鸡死亡率增加与先前认为鼠尾草种群通常不受冬季天气条件影响的观点形成鲜明对比，并强调了保护冬季鼠尾草（Artemisia spp。）生境的重要性。

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