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The effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, and community homogenization on resilience in estuaries

机译：生境丧失，破碎化和社区同质化对河口弹性的影响

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When changes in the frequency and extent of disturbance outstrip the recovery potential of resident communities, the selective removal of species contributes to habitat loss and fragmentation across landscapes. The degree to which habitat change is likely to influence community resilience will depend on metacommunity structure and connectivity. Thus ecological connectivity is central to understanding the potential for cumulative effects to impact upon diversity. The importance of these issues to coastal marine communities, where the prevailing concept of open communities composed of highly dispersive species is being challenged, indicates that these systems may be more sensitive to cumulative impacts than previously thought. We conducted a disturbance-recovery experiment across gradients of community type and environmental conditions to assess the roles of ecological connectivity and regional variations in community structure on the recovery of species richness, total abundance, and community composition in Mahurangi Harbour, New Zealand. After 394 days, significant differences in recovery between sites were apparent. Statistical models explaining a high proportion of the variability (R-2 > 0.92) suggested that community recovery rates were controlled by a combination of physical and ecological features operating across spatial scales, affecting successional processes. The dynamic and complex interplay of ecological and environmental processes we observed driving patch recovery across the estuarine landscape are integral to recovery from disturbances in heterogeneous environments. This link between succession/recovery, disturbance, and heterogeneity confirms the utility of disturbance-recovery experiments as assays for cumulative change due to fragmentation and habitat change in estuaries.
机译：当干扰的频率和程度的变化超过常驻社区的恢复潜力时，物种的选择性清除会导致栖息地的丧失和景观的破碎化。生境变化可能影响社区适应力的程度将取决于元社区的结构和连通性。因此，生态连通性对于理解累积影响对多样性的潜在影响至关重要。这些问题对沿海海洋社区的重要性受到挑战，沿海海洋社区正在挑战由高度分散物种组成的开放社区的流行概念，这表明这些系统对累积影响的敏感性可能比以前想象的要高。我们在社区类型和环境条件的梯度上进行了干扰恢复实验，以评估生态连通性和社区结构的区域变化对新西兰马哈朗吉港物种丰富度，总丰度和社区组成的恢复的作用。 394天后，站点之间的恢复差异明显。解释高比例变异性的统计模型（R-2> 0.92）表明，社区恢复率受跨空间尺度运作的物理和生态特征的组合控制，影响了演替过程。我们观察到，推动河口景观斑块恢复的生态和环境过程之间动态而复杂的相互作用是异质环境中干扰恢复的必要组成部分。演替/恢复，扰动和异质性之间的这种联系证实了扰动恢复实验作为测定河口破碎化和栖息地变化引起的累积变化的效用。

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