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New meanings for old knowledge: The People's Biodiversity Registers program

机译：旧知识的新含义：《人民生物多样性注册计划》

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The program of People's Biodiversity Registers (PBR) is an attempt to promote folk ecological knowledge and wisdom in two ways: by devising more formal means for their maintenance, and by creating new contexts for their continued practice. PBRs document folk ecological knowledge and practices involving the use of natural resources, with the help of local educational institutions and NGOs working in collaboration with local, decentralized institutions of governance. During 1996-1998, 52 such documents were prepared from village clusters distributed in eight states and union territories representing a wide spectrum of ecological and social regimes of India. They reveal a picture of generally declining productivity and diversity of living resources outside of intensively managed ecosystems. There are, however, notable exceptions; two of our case studies provide examples of self-organized systems of management that have successfully protected, and indeed promoted, restoration of forest and wildlife resources. The PBRs also indicate a widespread erosion of practical ecological knowledge and of traditions of sustainable use and conservation. This is linked to the fact that those most intimately dependent on and knowledgeable about biodiversity belong to the economically and politically most disadvantaged segments of the society. In consequence, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are not a high priority among the development aspirations held by the people. Nevertheless, people are concerned about degradation of the base of living resources and offer a number of concrete suggestions on their management. In fact, in a few cases, the PER exercises have encouraged people to put such measures for more prudent use of local biodiversity resources into practice. The process of preparation of PBRs, as well as the resultant documents, could serve a significant role in promoting more sustainable, flexible, participatory systems of management and in ensuring a better flow of benefits from economic use of the living resources to the local communities. [References: 25]
机译：人民生物多样性注册计划（PBR）试图以两种方式促进民间的生态知识和智慧：通过设计更正式的方法来维护它们，以及为他们的继续实践创造新的环境。 PBR在地方教育机构和非政府组织的帮助下，与地方，权力下放的治理机构合作，记录了涉及自然资源使用的民间生态知识和实践。在1996年至1998年期间，从分布在八个邦和工会领地的村庄集群编制了52份此类文件，代表了印度广泛的生态和社会制度。他们揭示了在集约化管理的生态系统之外生产力和生物资源多样性普遍下降的情况。但是，也有例外。我们的两个案例研究提供了自组织管理体系的示例，这些体系已成功保护并确实促进了森林和野生动植物资源的恢复。 PBRs还表明实用生态知识以及可持续利用和保护传统的广泛侵蚀。这与以下事实有关：最紧密地依赖和最了解生物多样性的人属于社会上在经济和政治上最弱势的群体。因此，生物多样性的保护和可持续利用不是人们所追求的发展愿望中的高度优先事项。尽管如此，人们仍对生物资源基础的退化表示关注，并提出了一些有关其管理的具体建议。实际上，在少数情况下，PER演习鼓励人们将这些措施付诸实践，以更加谨慎地利用当地的生物多样性资源。 PBR的准备过程以及由此产生的文件，在促进更可持续，灵活，参与性的管理体系以及确保从经济利用生活资源的收益中更好地流向当地社区方面，可以发挥重要作用。 [参考：25]

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