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Functional response of sport divers to lobsters with application to fisheries management

机译：运动潜水员对龙虾的功能响应及其在渔业管理中的应用

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Fishery managers must understand the dynamics of fishers and their prey to successfully predict the outcome of management actions. We measured the impact of a two-day exclusively recreational fishery on Caribbean spiny lobster in the Florida Keys, USA, over large spatial scales (> 100 km) and multiple years and used a theoretical, predator-prey functional response approach to identify whether or not sport diver catch rates were density-independent (type I) or density-dependent (type II or III functional response), and if catch rates were saturated (i.e., reached an asymptote) at relatively high lobster densities. We then describe how this predator-prey framework can be applied to fisheries management for spiny lobster and other species. In the lower Keys, divers exhibited a type-I functional response, whereby they removed a constant and relatively high proportion of lobsters (0.74-0.84) across all pre-fishing-season lobster densities. Diver fishing effort increased in a linear manner with lobster prey densities, as would be expected with a type-I functional response, and was an order of magnitude lower in the upper Keys than lower Keys. There were numerous instances in the upper Keys where the density of lobsters actually increased from before to after the fishing season, suggesting some type of "spill-in effect" from surrounding diver-disturbed areas. With the exception of isolated reefs in the upper Keys, the proportion of lobsters removed by divers was density independent (type-I functional response) and never reached saturation at natural lobster densities. Thus, recreational divers have a relatively simple predatory response to spiny lobster, whereby catch rates increase linearly with lobster density such that catch is a reliable indicator of abundance. Although diver predation is extremely high (similar to 80%), diver predation pressure is not expected to increase proportionally with a decline in lobster density (i.e., a depensatory response), which could exacerbate local extinction. Furthermore, management actions that reduce diver effort should have a concomitant and desired reduction in catch. The recreational diver-lobster predator-prey construct in this study provides a useful predictive framework to apply to both recreational and commercial fisheries, and on which to build as management actions are implemented.
机译：渔业管理人员必须了解渔民及其猎物的动态，才能成功预测管理行动的结果。我们在大型空间尺度（> 100 km）和多年中，测量了为期两天的仅休闲渔业对美国佛罗里达礁岛上的加勒比多刺龙虾的影响，并使用了理论上的，捕食者-猎物功能反应的方法来确定是否不是运动潜水员的捕捞率是密度独立的（I型）或密度依赖的（II型或III型功能性反应），并且如果捕捞率在相对较高的龙虾密度下达到饱和（即达到渐近线）。然后，我们描述该捕食者－捕食者框架如何应用于刺龙虾和其他物种的渔业管理。在较低的Keys区，潜水员表现出I型功能反应，因此，他们在所有捕捞季节之前的龙虾密度中都去除了恒定且相对较高的龙虾比例（0.74-0.84）。正如I型功能性反应所预期的那样，潜水员的捕捞努力与龙虾的捕捞密度呈线性关系增加，并且在上部键区比下部键区低一个数量级。在上礁岛有很多实例，龙虾的密度实际上是从捕捞季节之前到捕捞季节之后增加的，这表明周围受干扰地区的某种“溢出效应”。除了上礁岛的孤立礁石外，潜水员去除的龙虾比例与密度无关（I型功能性反应），并且在自然龙虾密度下从未达到饱和。因此，休闲潜水者对刺龙虾具有相对简单的掠食性反应，由此捕获率随龙虾密度线性增加，因此捕获是丰度的可靠指标。尽管潜水员的捕食活动非常高（大约80％），但潜水员的捕食压力预计不会与龙虾密度的下降（​​即消食反应）成比例地增加，这可能加剧局部灭绝。此外，减少潜水员工作量的管理措施应同时减少渔获量。本研究中的休闲潜水龙虾捕食者-猎物构造提供了一个有用的预测框架，可应用于休闲和商业渔业，并在实施管理行动的基础上建立。

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