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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological Applications >Small mammals and stand structure in young pine, seed-tree, and old-growth forest, southwest Canada
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Small mammals and stand structure in young pine, seed-tree, and old-growth forest, southwest Canada

机译：加拿大西南部的松树，种子树和旧林中的小型哺乳动物和林分结构

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Alternative silvicultural systems to clearcutting are receiving considerable attention in Pacific Northwest forests of North America. Understanding the implications of these harvesting systems on stand structure and biodiversity through time is a fundamental aspect of forest ecosystem management. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that diversity of stand-structure attributes and forest floor small-mammal communities will increase from young pine to seed tree to old-growth forest. The study area was within mixed Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)-lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests within the Montane Spruce biogeoclimatic zone near Summerland in south-central British Columbia, Canada. This retrospective study had three replicate stands each of 17-yr-old "young pine" (clear-cut harvested), "seed tree" composed of young pine with Douglas-fir seed trees, and uncut "old-growth" composed primarily of Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine. Stand-structure attributes (coniferous tree layers and understory vegetation) were measured in each stand. Small-mammal populations were sampled intensively from 1995 to 1997 in all stands. The mean total percentage cover and crown-volume index of herbs and mosses were similar among treatment stands, but for shrubs-deciduous trees were highest in young pine and lowest in old growth. Mean species richness of herbs and coniferous trees was similar among treatment stands, but for shrubs-deciduous trees was highest in the young pine. Mean species diversity of herbs and shrubs-deciduous trees was similar among treatment stands, but for coniferous trees was higher in the seed-tree and old-growth stands than in the young pine stands. Mean richness of layers of herbs and shrubs-deciduous trees appeared consistently highest in the young pine, but for coniferous trees was highest in the seed-tree stands. Mean abundance of red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) was consistently higher in the old-growth than in young pine or seed-tree stands. Mean numbers of Northwestern chipmunks (Tamias amoenus), heather voles (Phenacomys intermedius), western jumping mice (Zapus princeps), montane shrews (Sorex monticolus), and common shrews (S. cinereus) were higher in the seed-tree or young pine stands than in old growth. Mean abundance of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) was highest in seed-tree stands. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), long-tailed voles (M. longicaudus), and short-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea) had similar mean numbers among treatment stands. Mean species richness and diversity of small mammals was higher in the seed-tree and young pine stands than in old growth. Each of these stand types offers its own structural diversity to the forest landscape and should help manage for a range of biodiversity goals. [References: 90]
机译：北美太平洋西北地区的森林中，替代伐木的造林系统受到了广泛关注。逐步了解这些采伐系统对林分结构和生物多样性的影响是森林生态系统管理的基本方面。这项研究旨在检验以下假设：林分结构属性和林地小型哺乳动物群落的多样性将从年轻的松树到种子树再到老龄林增加。研究区域位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省中南部萨默兰附近的山地云杉生物地理气候带内的混合花旗松（Pseudotsuga menziesii）-雪松（Pinus contorta）森林内。这项回顾性研究有三个重复的林分，分别是17岁的“年轻松树”（砍伐的清晰采伐），由年轻松树和道格拉斯冷杉种子树组成的“种子树”，以及主要由以下组成的未砍伐的“老树”：花旗松和黑松。在每个林分中测量林分结构属性（针叶树层和林下植被）。从1995年到1997年，在所有看台上都对小型哺乳动物种群进行了密集采样。各处理林分的草药和苔藓的平均总覆盖率和树冠体积指数相似，但对于灌木，落叶乔木在幼松中最高，而在老龄中最低。在不同的处理林地中，草本植物和针叶树的平均物种丰富度相似，但对于灌木-落叶乔木，在幼松中最高。各处理林分的草本和灌木-落叶乔木的平均物种多样性相似，但对于种子树和老龄林，针叶树要比年轻的松树林更高。幼小的松树中草本和灌木-落叶乔木层的平均丰富度始终显示最高，而针叶树在种子树种中最高。红树田鼠的平均丰度在老龄树种中始终高于年轻的松树或种子树种。在种子树或幼松中，西北花栗鼠（Tamias amoenus），石南田鼠（Phenacomys intermedius），西部跳跃鼠（Zapus princeps），山，（Sorex monticolus）和普通sh（S。cinereus）的平均数量更高。比以前的增长要好。在种子树种中，草甸田鼠（田鼠（Microtus pennsylvanicus））的平均丰度最高。梅花鹿小鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus），长尾田鼠（M. longicaudus）和短尾鼬鼠（Mustela erminea）在治疗台之间的平均数相似。在种子树和年轻的松林中，小型哺乳动物的平均物种丰富度和多样性要高于旧的。这些林分类型都为森林景观提供了自己的结构多样性，应有助于实现一系列生物多样性目标。 [参考：90]

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