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Sampling design trade-offs in occupancy studies with imperfect detection: Examples and software

机译：不完美检测的占用研究中的采样设计权衡：示例和软件

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摘要

Researchers have used occupancy, or probability of occupancy, as a response or state variable in a variety of studies (e.g., habitat modeling), and occupancy is increasingly favored by numerous state, federal, and international agencies engaged in monitoring programs. Recent advances in estimation methods have emphasized that reliable inferences can be made from these types of studies if detection and occupancy probabilities are simultaneously estimated. The need for temporal replication at sampled sites to estimate detection probability creates a trade-off between spatial replication (number of sample sites distributed within the area of interest/inference) and temporal replication (number of repeated surveys at each site). Here, we discuss a suite of questions commonly encountered during the design phase of occupancy studies, and we describe software (program GENPRES) developed to allow investigators to easily explore design trade-offs focused on particularities of their study system and sampling limitations. We illustrate the utility of program GENPRES using an amphibian example from Greater Yellowstone National Park, USA.
机译：研究人员在各种研究中（例如栖息地建模）将占用率或占用率作为响应或状态变量，并且占用率越来越受到参与监视计划的许多州，联邦和国际机构的青睐。估计方法的最新进展强调，如果同时估计检测概率和占用概率，则可以从这些类型的研究中得出可靠的推论。需要在采样点进行时间复制以估计检测概率，这需要在空间复制（分布在感兴趣/推断区域内的采样点数量）和时间复制（每个位置的重复调查数量）之间进行权衡。在这里，我们讨论了在占用研究的设计阶段常见的一系列问题，并描述了开发的软件（程序GENPRES），使研究人员可以轻松地研究侧重于研究系统和抽样限制的设计折衷方案。我们使用来自美国大黄石国家公园的两栖动物示例说明了GENPRES程序的实用性。

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