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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological Applications >Forest to reclaimed mine land use change leads to altered ecosystem structure and function
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Forest to reclaimed mine land use change leads to altered ecosystem structure and function

机译：森林到开垦的矿山土地用途的变化导致生态系统结构和功能的改变

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摘要

The United States' use of coal results in many environmental alterations. In the Appalachian coal belt region, one widespread alteration is conversion of forest to reclaimed mineland. The goal of this study was to quantify the changes to ecosystem structure and function associated with a conversion from forest to reclaimed mine grassland by comparing a small watershed containing a 15-year-old reclaimed mine with a forested, reference watershed in western Maryland. Major differences were apparent between the two watersheds in terms of biogeochemistry. Total C, N, and P pools were all substantially lower at the mined site, mainly due to the removal of woody biomass but also, in the case of P, to reductions in soil pools. Mineral soil C, N, and P pools were 96%, 79%, and 69% of native soils, respectively. Although annual runoff from the watersheds was similar, the mined watershed exhibited taller, narrower storm peaks as a result of a higher soil bulk density and decreased infiltration rates. Stream export of N was much lower in the mined watershed due to lower net nitrification rates and nitrate concentrations in soil. However, stream export of sediment and P and summer stream temperature were much higher. Stream leaf decomposition was reduced and macroinvertebrate community structure was altered as a result of these changes to the stream environment. This land use change leads to substantial, long-term changes in ecosystem capital and function.
机译：美国使用煤炭会导致许多环境变化。在阿巴拉契亚煤带地区，一项广泛的改变是将森林转变为开垦的雷区。这项研究的目的是通过比较包含15年历史的开垦矿山的小流域与马里兰州西部的森林参考流域来量化生态系统结构和功能的变化，这些变化与从森林转变为开垦的矿山草地有关。就生物地球化学而言，两个流域之间的主要差异显而易见。开采地点的总C，N和P池均大大降低，这主要是由于去除了木质生物量，但在P的情况下，也归因于土壤池的减少。矿质土壤的C，N和P池分别占天然土壤的96％，79％和69％。尽管流域的年径流量相似，但由于较高的土壤容重和降低的入渗率，已开采的流域表现出较高，较窄的风暴高峰。由于较低的净硝化速率和土壤中的硝酸盐浓度，开采流域中的氮流出口要低得多。但是，沉积物和磷的河流出口和夏季河流的温度要高得多。由于溪流环境的这些变化，溪流叶片的分解减少，大无脊椎动物群落结构发生了变化。土地用途的变化导致生态系统资本和功能的重大而长期的变化。

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