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Managed livestock grazing is compatible with the maintenance of plant diversity in semidesert grasslands

机译：有管理的牲畜放牧与半干旱草原上植物多样性的维持兼容

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Even when no baseline data are available, the impacts of 150 years of livestock grazing on natural grasslands can be assessed using a combined approach of grazing manipulation and regional-scale assessment of the flora. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of this method across 18 sites in the semidesert Mitchell grasslands of northeastern Australia. Fifteen-year-old exclosures (ungrazed and macropod grazed) revealed that the dominant perennial grasses in the genus Astrebla do not respond negatively to grazing disturbance typical of commercial pastoralism. Neutral, positive, intermediate, and negative responses to grazing disturbance were recorded amongst plant species with no single life-form group associated with any response type. Only one exotic species, Cenchrus ciliaris, was recorded at low frequency. The strongest negative response was from a native annual grass, Chionachne hubbardiana, an example of a species that is highly sensitive to grazing disturbance. Herbarium records revealed only scant evidence that species with a negative response to grazing have declined through the period of commercial pastoralism. A regional analysis identified 14 from a total of 433 plant species in the regional flora that may be rare and potentially threatened by grazing disturbance. However, a targeted survey precluded grazing as a cause of decline for seven of these based on low palatability and positive responses to grazing and other disturbance. Our findings suggest that livestock grazing of semidesert grasslands with a short evolutionary history of ungulate grazing has altered plant composition, but has not caused declines in the dominant perennial grasses or in species richness as predicted by the preceding literature. The biggest impact of commercial pastoralism is the spread of woody leguminous trees that can transform grassland to thorny shrubland. The conservation of plant biodiversity is largely compatible with commercial pastoralism provided these woody weeds are controlled, but reserves strategically positioned within water remote areas are necessary to protect grazing-sensitive species. This study demonstrates that a combination of experimental studies and regional surveys can be used to understand anthropogenic impacts on natural ecosystems where reference habitat is not available.
机译：即使没有基准数据，也可以使用放牧操作和植物区系评估相结合的方法来评估150年放牧对天然草原的影响。在这里，我们证明了该方法在澳大利亚东北半沙漠米切尔草原的18个地点上的有效性。十五岁的牲畜（未放牧和已放牧的大脚d）表明，阿斯特雷布拉属的多年生优势草对商业性放牧典型的放牧干扰没有负面反应。记录了在植物物种中对放牧干扰的中性，阳性，中间和阴性反应，没有单一的生命形式组与任何反应类型相关。只有一种外来物种Cenchrus ciliaris的记录频率较低。负面反应最强烈的是来自本地一​​年生禾本科Chionachne hubbardiana，该物种对放牧干扰高度敏感。植物标本室的记录显示，只有很少的证据表明，在商业放牧期间，对放牧产生负面反应的物种有所减少。区域分析从区域植物群中的433种植物中鉴定出14种，这些植物可能是罕见的，并可能受到放牧干扰的威胁。但是，有针对性的调查基于低适口性以及对放牧和其他干扰的积极反应，排除了放牧是其中7种动物下降的原因。我们的发现表明，半沙漠草原的有蹄类动物放牧进化历史较短的牲畜放牧改变了植物组成，但并未像先前文献所预测的那样导致多年生优势草或物种丰富度下降。商业畜牧业的最大影响是木本豆科树木的传播，这些树木可以将草地转变为棘手的灌木丛。只要这些木本杂草得到控制，植物生物多样性的保护就与商业放牧基本兼容，但为保护放牧敏感性物种，必须在水远地区战略性地保留自然保护区。这项研究表明，可以结合使用实验研究和区域调查来了解对没有参考栖息地的自然生态系统的人为影响。

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