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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological engineering: The Journal of Ecotechnology >Effects of a phosphorus amendment and the pH of water used for watering on the mobility and phytoavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn in highly contaminated kitchen garden soils
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Effects of a phosphorus amendment and the pH of water used for watering on the mobility and phytoavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn in highly contaminated kitchen garden soils

机译：磷改良剂和用于灌溉的水的pH值对高污染厨房花园土壤中Cd，Pb和Zn的迁移率和植物有效性的影响

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摘要

Studies on two lead and zinc smelters in Northern France (Metaleurop Nord and Umicore) showed that the level of metallic contamination of kitchen garden soils is higher than the agricultural soils located in the same environment. This results most particularly from cropping practices and the addition of various products. Due to the physical and chemical parameters of these soils, the behaviour and transfer of pollutants towards various plants (grass, trees, and vegetables) may be perceptibly different than what is observed on agricultural soils. For a better understanding of pollutant behaviour in kitchen garden topsoils, the Cd, Pb and Zn was fractionated using the SM&T protocol and various extracting solutions (CaCl2, acetic acid, and citric acid) to evaluate their mobility in two highly contaminated soils chosen in the area affected by the past atmospheric emissions of the two smelters. In addition, agricultural topsoil was sampled in a non-massively contaminated area and was therefore chosen as the control soil. The three soils were amended with a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). At 6 months, extracting procedures were carried out to evaluate the effects of the amendment on the mobility of Cd, Pb and Zn. This step was then supplemented by an evaluation of the impact of the amendment on the phytoavailability of pollutants, which was determined in plant uptake studies with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) by considering only the pollutant concentrations in their shoots. Two experiments were carried out. In the first one, unamended and amended soils and ryegrass were watered with distilled water (pH = 7). In the second one, osmosed water (pH = 5.5) was used to evaluate the effects of the acid water-phosphate amendment system on the mobility and phytoavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn. Six months after the start of the experiments, the selective extractions showed that the effectiveness of the amendment studied depended on the element, the soil and the water's pH. Reductions of metal eluted from the contaminated soils were 1.5-37.9% for Cd, and 9.1-80.9% for Pb. Application of P amendment to the combination of osmosed water was generally the most effective for immobilising Cd and Pb elution. In contrast, the mixture of HA and DAP was ineffective for reducing Zn elution. The plant-fresh biomass yield was significantly (p<0.05) increased by the combination of P amendment and distilled water, whereas a reduction of biomass was recorded with the combined amendment and osmosed water. Addition of P amendment generally reduced Pb uptake in ryegrass shoots (1 -47%), while both Cd and Zn were increased by 17.9-79% and 0.45-100%, respectively.
机译：对法国北部的两个铅锌冶炼厂（Metaleurop Nord和Umicore）的研究表明，菜园土壤的金属污染水平高于相同环境中的农业土壤。最主要的原因是耕作方法和各种产品的添加。由于这些土壤的物理和化学参数，污染物向各种植物（草，树和蔬菜）的行为和转移可能与在农业土壤上观察到的不同。为了更好地了解厨房花园表层土壤中的污染物行为，使用SM＆T协议和各种萃取溶液（CaCl2，乙酸和柠檬酸）对Cd，Pb和Zn进行了分馏，以评估其在两种高污染土壤中的迁移率。受两个冶炼厂过去的大气排放影响的区域。此外，在非大规模污染地区对农业表层土进行了采样，因此被选作对照土壤。用羟基磷灰石（HA）和磷酸氢二铵（DAP）的混合物对这三种土壤进行了改良。在6个月时，进行提取程序以评估该修正对Cd，Pb和Zn迁移率的影响。然后，通过评估该修正案对污染物的植物利用率的影响来补充这一步骤，该评估是在黑麦草（黑麦草）的植物吸收研究中通过仅考虑其芽中污染物的浓度而确定的。进行了两个实验。在第一个中，用蒸馏水（pH = 7）浇灌未改良和改良的土壤和黑麦草。在第二篇文章中，使用渗透水（pH = 5.5）评估酸性水-磷酸盐改性体系对Cd，Pb和Zn的迁移率和植物有效性的影响。实验开始六个月后，选择性提取表明，所研究的改性剂的有效性取决于元素，土壤和水的pH值。从污染土壤中洗脱出来的金属的镉含量为1.5-37.9％，铅含量为9.1-80.9％。通常，将P修正剂应用于渗透水组合液对固定Cd和Pb洗脱最有效。相反，HA和DAP的混合物对于减少Zn洗脱无效。磷改良剂和蒸馏水的组合可显着提高植物新鲜生物量的产量（p <0.05），而修正剂和渗透水的组合可记录生物量的减少。添加P修正剂通常会降低黑麦草芽中的Pb吸收（1-47％），而Cd和Zn分别增加17.9-79％和0.45-100％。

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