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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological engineering: The Journal of Ecotechnology >Pesticide de-contamination of surface waters as a wetland ecosystem service in agricultural landscapes
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Pesticide de-contamination of surface waters as a wetland ecosystem service in agricultural landscapes

机译：农业景观中作为湿地生态系统服务的地表水的农药净化

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In agricultural landscapes, pesticides can be transported by surface or tile-drained waters to aquatic ecosystems. In such situations, artificial wetlands can be placed to receive tile drainage discharge, and be effective pesticide pollution remediation tools. Artificial wetland implementation and design largely depend on land availability and suitability, which is particularly critical in Europe where land is scarce. Wetlands can be configured to either divert and treat a portion of stream discharge (i.e., parallel configuration), or placed to capture all stream discharge (i.e., series configuration) generated by a catchment. A field experiment was conducted at the outlets of two subsurface drained catchments in France to compare the pesticide retention efficiency of these two types of artificial wetlands. The two agricultural catchments were cultivated for similar crops (winter wheat, barley, rapeseed, and sugar beet) on poorly drained tile-drained soils. The Aulnoy artificial wetland was situated in-stream, at the outlet of a 36-ha watershed. It included a deep wetland with a 9000-m3 water storage capacity. Its volume and surface area to watershed area ratios were 300 m3 per upstream drained hectare (equivalent to 30 mm runoff storage capacity) and 1.2%, respectively. The Bray wetland was constructed off-stream, in parallel to the main agricultural ditch and associated with an open/dose strategy managed by the farmer according to his pesticide applications. This artificial wetland consisted of three vegetated cells in a series with shallow water for a total volume of 330 m3 corresponding to 7 m3 ha-1 (0.7 mm runoff storage capacity) and 0.5% of a 46-ha catchment. Inlet and outlet discharges and pesticide concentrations were continuously monitored to characterize the seasonality of pesticide export and the removal efficiency of the artificial wetlands. Both artificial wetlands showed positive impacts on water quality (54 and 45% reduction for in- and off-stream configurations, respectively), attributable to distinct retention processes. Significant dilution occurred at Aulnoy where pesticide concentrations were frequently below detection levels, making it difficult to discern whether significant degradation or retention took place in the wetland. Conversely, the Bray shallow artificial wetland showed significant pesticide adsorption, desorption and degradation. However, these processes were limited in the Bray wetland due to insufficient retention time. The off-stream constructed wetland appears to be a promising technical solution for reducing land use impact.
机译：在农业景观中，农药可以通过地表水或瓷砖排水水运输到水生生态系统。在这种情况下，可以放置人工湿地来接收排水排水，并成为有效的农药污染修复工具。人工湿地的实施和设计在很大程度上取决于土地的可利用性和适宜性，这在土地稀缺的欧洲尤为重要。湿地可以配置为转移和处理一部分水流排放（即，平行配置），也可以放置成捕获流域产生的所有水流排放（即，串联配置）。在法国的两个地下排水流域的出口进行了现场试验，以比较这两种人工湿地的农药保留效率。这两个农业流域在排水不畅的土壤上种植了类似的农作物（冬小麦，大麦，油菜籽和甜菜）。 Aulnoy人工湿地位于河中，在一个36公顷的分水岭的出口处。它包括一个拥有9000立方米蓄水能力的深湿地。它的体积和表面积与流域面积之比分别为每上游排水公顷300立方米（相当于30毫米径流蓄水量）和1.2％。布瑞（Bray）湿地是在下游建造的，与主要的农业沟渠平行，并与农民根据其农药使用情况管理的开放/剂量策略相关联。该人工湿地由三个带浅水的植被单元组成，总面积为330 m3，对应于7 m3 ha-1（0.7毫米径流量的存储能力）和46公顷集水区的0.5％。不断监测进出口的排放量和农药浓度，以表征农药出口的季节性和人工湿地的去除效率。两种人工湿地均对水质产生积极影响（下游和下游配置分别减少了54％和45％），这归因于截留过程的不同。在Aulnoy，农药浓度经常低于检测水平，因此发生了明显的稀释，因此很难辨别湿地中是否发生了明显的降解或滞留。相反，布雷浅层人工湿地表现出明显的农药吸附，解吸和降解。但是，由于保留时间不足，这些过程在布雷湿地受到限制。下游人工湿地似乎是减少土地使用影响的有前途的技术解决方案。

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