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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological engineering: The Journal of Ecotechnology >Nitrogen removal in subsurface water by narrow buffer strips in the intensive farming landscape of the Po River watershed, Italy
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Nitrogen removal in subsurface water by narrow buffer strips in the intensive farming landscape of the Po River watershed, Italy

机译：意大利波河流域集约化农业景观中的窄缓冲带去除地下水中的氮

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In many countries buffer strips have become an important management tool widely accepted for controlling the diffuse pollution and supporting the development of more sustainable agriculture. However, there is the need to investigate their role in intensive farming systems where a realistic and shareable proposal to realize buffer strips can only foresee the use of a limited space. We evaluated the nitrogen buffering capacities of two narrow riparian strips (5-8 m) along irrigation ditches located in a typical flat agricultural watershed of the alluvial plain of the River Po (Northern Italy). Subsurface water level and nutrient concentrations were monitored along transects of piezometers installed from crop fields to ditches in two different areas. Spatial and temporal variation in water chemistry and hydrology were investigated to individuate the main processes (biological or physical) leading to groundwater nitrate depletion related to fertilization, pluviometric regime and seasonal variation. The results obtained indicate an elevated nitrate removal efficiency in both riparian areas. Compared to the high mean concentrations measured at the exit of the crop fields (10-90 mgl~(-1) N-NO3~-), nitrate levels within riparian sites can be very low, completely disappearing below the ditches. The patterns of some chemical species (O2, SO4~(2-) and HCO3~-) and the potential denitrification rates suggest that denitrification plays a predominant role in the N-NO3~- depletion observed in the first few meters of the herbaceous strip. The key factors in the system are the elevated groundwater residence time and the effect of the evapotranspiration. The water uptake by woody vegetation affects the subsurface water to flow through the riparian zone and, at the same time, it contributes to completely remove the nitrate from the groundwater. Our findings also suggest the double role of riparian vegetation both in ecohydrological and biological terms. In fact the water uptake by trees affects the subsurface flow pattern and contributes to completely remove the nitrate in the riparian zone.
机译：在许多国家，缓冲带已成为一种重要的管理工具，已被广泛接受，用于控制弥漫性污染和支持更可持续农业的发展。但是，有必要研究它们在集约化耕作系统中的作用，在这些集约化耕作系统中，实现缓冲区的现实且可共享的建议只能预见有限空间的使用。我们评估了位于波河（意大利北部）冲积平原典型平坦农业流域上的灌溉沟渠上两条狭窄的河岸带（5-8 m）的氮缓冲能力。沿从农田到两个不同区域的沟渠安装的测压仪横断面监测地下水位和养分浓度。对水化学和水文学的时空变化进行了调查，以区分导致施肥，水分测定法和季节变化相关的导致地下水硝酸盐消耗的主要过程（生物学或物理过程）。获得的结果表明在两个河岸地区硝酸盐去除效率都提高了。与在农田出口处测得的高平均浓度（10-90 mgl〜（-1）N-NO3〜-）相比，河岸地区的硝酸盐含量可能非常低，在沟渠以下完全消失。某些化学物质（O2，SO4〜（2-）和HCO3〜-）的模式以及潜在的反硝化速率表明，反硝化在草本地带前几米中观察到的N-NO3〜-消耗中起主要作用。 。该系统的关键因素是增加的地下水停留时间和蒸散作用。木本植物吸收的水分会影响地下水流过河岸带，与此同时，它也有助于从地下水中完全清除硝酸盐。我们的发现还表明，河岸植被在生态水文和生物学方面均具有双重作用。实际上，树木对水的吸收会影响地下流动模式，并有助于完全清除河岸带中的硝酸盐。

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