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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological engineering: The Journal of Ecotechnology >Influence of riparian alteration on canopy coverage and macrophyte abundance in Southeastern USA blackwater streams
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Influence of riparian alteration on canopy coverage and macrophyte abundance in Southeastern USA blackwater streams

机译：河岸蚀变对美国东南部黑水河冠层覆盖和大型植物丰度的影响

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摘要

Two tributary streams (Fourmile branch and Pen branch) located on the US Department of Energy's Savannah river site in west-central South Carolina, USA received thermal discharges from nuclear production reactors for over 30 years. Effuent releases produced stream water temperatures of over 50~(o)C and stream flows of ten times above their base level. Consequently, existing plant and animal communities within the stream channels were killed and riparian zones largely destroyed. We compared canopy coverage and macrophyte abundance in these disturbed streams after 7-13 years of ambient flows and compared them to two similar, udisturbed streams. We also examined the effects of a more recent woody canopy removal associated with a restoration effor in 'treated' sections of Pen branch. We collected data in Spring and Fall from May 1995 through May 1997. A gradient in canopy cover existed, ranging from a fully open herbaceous canopy in the treated sections of Pen branch, through a moderately closed canopy of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and willows in the post-thermal 'control' streams, to a mearly closed hardwood tree canopy in th eundisturbed streams. Even though Fourmile branch had 3 more years of growth, Pen branch had a more closed upper canopy. Total aquatic macrophyte abundance was negatively related to canopy cover producing nearly the revese gradient among streams as did the canopy cover. However, control sections of Pen branch had a more closed canopy than Fourmile branch, but total macrohyte aboundance was higher in Pen branch. This can be atributed to the presence of submergent macrophytes in Pen branch that were absent in Fourmile branch. Different structural types of macrophytes varied in their degree of limitation by canopy coverage and in their seasonal patterns of growth. Stream habitats remain severely altered due to destruction of the riparian vegetation by past thermal effluents. The full range of effects of the alteration of canopy coverage and the resultant macrophyte abundances on these streams should be the focus of future analyses.
机译：位于美国南卡罗来纳州中西部中部的美国能源部萨凡纳河站点上的两条支流（Fourmile分支和Pen分支）接受了30多年来来自核反应堆的热排放。废水排放产生的溪流水温超过50°C，溪流比基准水位高出十倍。因此，河道中现有的动植物群落被杀死，河岸带被大面积破坏。我们比较了7至13年的环境流量后这些扰动河流的冠层覆盖度和大型植物的丰度，并将它们与两条类似的未污染河流进行了比较。我们还检查了Pen分支“已处理”区域中最近树木去除与恢复效果相关的树冠的影响。我们从1995年5月至1997年5月的春季和秋季收集了数据。冠层的覆盖范围存在梯度，范围从Pen分支处理区的完全开放的草冠层到中部的草本植物，灌木和柳树的中度闭合冠层。后热的“控制”流，到湿润的溪流中的一个稍封闭的硬木树冠。即使Fourmile分支增长了3年，Pen分支的上部顶篷也更加封闭。水生植物的总丰度与冠层覆盖负相关，与冠层覆盖几乎一样，溪流之间会产生明显的梯度变化。然而，Pen分支的控制部分的冠层比Fourmile分支更封闭，但是Pen分支的总水合物丰富度更高。这可以归因于Penmile分支中没有在Fourmile分支中存在的淹没大型植物。不同结构类型的大型水生植物，其受冠层覆盖的限制程度和其季节性生长方式各不相同。由于过去的热废水破坏了河岸植被，溪流的生境仍然发生了严重变化。冠层覆盖范围的变化以及由此产生的大型植物丰富度对这些溪流的全部影响应成为未来分析的重点。

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