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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological Entomology >The pea aphid complex as a model of ecological speciation
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The pea aphid complex as a model of ecological speciation

机译：豌豆蚜虫复合体作为生态物种的模型

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1. Host-specialised races of plant-feeding insects are particularly informative models in the study of ecological speciation, that is, the evolution of reproductive isolation through divergent natural selection. However, within the enormous diversity of phytophagous insects, the mechanisms of ecological divergence have been elucidated in few host race systems. 2. Here we review the literature covering speciation through host-plant specialisation in a well-studied model, the pea aphid complex, Acyrthosiphon pisum, which encompasses numerous biotypes that parasitise different legume host species worldwide. 3. Published results are consistent with ecologically promoted reproductive isolation. Divergent host-induced selection is pronounced across biotypes, and reflects genetic trade-offs preventing the optimal use of multiple host plants. While these genetic trade-offs may partly explain the unfitness of hybrids between biotypes, hybridisation occurring on plants is also limited by genetically-based host preference, and by selection against migrants that chose unfavourable hosts. The continuum of genetic divergence displayed by 11 races and species of the pea aphid complex suggests that host races constitute an intermediate step in the speciation process, and that host specialisation may indeed lead to complete speciation. Uncertainties remain on the contribution of non-ecological reproductive barriers to biotype divergence and on the physiological and molecular bases of host specialisation.
机译：1.以植物为食的昆虫的寄主专门种族在生态物种研究（即通过不同自然选择的生殖隔离的进化）研究中是特别有用的模型。然而，在植物吞噬性昆虫的巨大多样性中，很少有宿主种族系统阐明了生态多样性的机制。 2.在这里，我们回顾了关于豌豆蚜虫复合体豌豆蚜虫（Acyrthosiphon pisum）中通过寄主植物专门化形成物种的文献，其中包括寄生于世界各地不同豆类寄主物种的众多生物型。 3.发表的结果与生态促进的生殖隔离相一致。在不同的生物类型之间，宿主诱导的选择差异明显，反映了遗传平衡，阻碍了多种宿主植物的最佳利用。尽管这些遗传折衷可以部分解释生物类型之间杂交的不适合性，但植物上发生的杂交也受到基于遗传的寄主偏好以及对选择不利寄主的移民的选择的限制。豌豆蚜虫复合体的11个种族和物种显示出的遗传差异连续性表明，宿主种族构成了物种形成过程的中间步骤，并且宿主的专业化确实可能导致完整的物种形成。不确定性仍然存在于非生态繁殖障碍对生物类型差异的贡献以及宿主专业化的生理和分子基础上。

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