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首页> 外文期刊>Earth and Planetary Science Letters: A Letter Journal Devoted to the Development in Time of the Earth and Planetary System >Discovery of new hydrothermal vent sites in Bransfield Strait, Antarctica
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Discovery of new hydrothermal vent sites in Bransfield Strait, Antarctica

机译：在南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡发现新的热液喷口

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We carried out a search for hydrothermal vents in the Central Basin of Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. The ZAPS (zero angle photon spectrometer) chemical sensor and instrument package (Oregon State University). OFOS (ocean-floor observation system) camera sled and TVG (TV-grab) (GEOMAR) were used to explore the water column and underlying seafloor. These operations were supplemented with a series of dredges. Hydrothermal plumes over Hook Ridge at the eastern end of the basin are confined to the E ridge crest and SE flank. The plumes are complex and sometimes contain two turbidity maxima one widespread feature centered at 1150 m and a smaller, more localized but broad maximum at 600-800 m. We traced the source of the shallower plume to a sunken crater near the ridge crest using sensors on the ZAPS instrument package. Subsequently two TV-grabs from the crater brought back hot, soupy sediment (42-49 ℃) overlain by hard, siliceous crusts and underlain by a thick layer of volcanic ash. We also recovered chimney fragments whose texture and mineralogy indicate venting temperatures in excess of 250 ℃. Native sulfur and Fe-sulfides occur in fractures and porous layers in sediment from throughout the area. Pore water data from the crater site are consistent with venting into a thin sediment layer and indicate phase separation of fluids beneath Hook Ridge. The source of the deeper plumes at Hook Ridge has vet to be located. We also explored a series of three parallel volcanic ridges west of Hook Ridge called Three Sisters. We detected water column anomalies indicative of venting with the ZAPS package and recovered hydrothermal barites and sulfides from Middle Sister. We spent considerable time photographing Middle Sister and Hook Ridge but did not identify classic vent fauna at either location. We either missed small areas with our photography or typical MOR vent fauna are absent at these sites.
机译：我们在南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡中部盆地进行了热液喷口的搜索。 ZAPS（零角度光子光谱仪）化学传感器和仪器套件（俄勒冈州立大学）。 OFOS（海底观测系统）相机雪橇和TVG（TV-Grab）（GEOMAR）用于探索水柱和下层海底。这些操作辅以一系列挖泥船。盆地东端胡克山脊上的热液羽流仅限于E脊波峰和SE侧面。羽状流很复杂，有时包含两个浊度最大值，一个广泛的特征集中在1150 m处，而一个较小的，更局限的但最大的范围是600-800 m。我们使用ZAPS仪器包装上的传感器，将较浅羽状流的来源追踪到山脊顶部附近的凹坑。随后，来自火山口的两个电视捕获带回了热的浓汤沉积物（42-49℃），上面覆盖着坚硬的硅质地壳，下面则覆盖着厚厚的火山灰。我们还回收了烟囱碎片，这些烟囱碎片的质地和矿物学特征表明排气温度超过250℃。天然硫和硫化铁存在于整个地区的裂缝和沉积物中的多孔层中。火山口部位的孔隙水数据与排入薄薄的沉积物层一致，表明胡克山脊下方流体的相分离。霍克里奇（Hook Ridge）较深的羽状流的来源已经确定。我们还探索了胡克山以西的三个平行的火山脊系列，称为三姐妹峰。我们检测到了指示ZAPS包排放的水柱异常，并从中姐妹那里回收了热液重晶石和硫化物。我们花了大量时间拍摄中姐妹和胡克里奇，但没有发现这两个地方的经典泄殖腔动物区系。在这些地点，我们要么错过了拍摄的小片区域，要么没有典型的MOR通风口动物区系。

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