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首页> 外文期刊>Earth and Planetary Science Letters: A Letter Journal Devoted to the Development in Time of the Earth and Planetary System >Plutonium and 'minor' actinides: safe sequestration
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Plutonium and 'minor' actinides: safe sequestration

机译：和“次要” act系元素：安全隔离

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摘要

The actinides exhibit a number of unique chemical and nuclear properties. Of particular interest are the man-made actinides (Np, Pu, Cm and Am) that are produced in significant enough quantities that they are a source of energy in fission reactions, a source of fissile material for nuclear weapons and of environmental concern because of their long half-lives and radiotoxicity. During the past 50 yr, over 1400 mT of Pu and substantial quantities of the "minor" actinides, such as Np, Am and Cm, have been generated in nuclear reactors. There are two basic strategies for the disposition of these elements: (1) to "burn" or transmute the actinides using nuclear reactors or accelerators; (2) to "sequester" the actinides in chemically durable, radiation-resistant materials that are suitable for geologic disposal. There has been substantial interest in the use of isometric pyrochlore, A(2)B(2)O(7) (A=rare earths; B-Ti, Zr, Sn and Hf), for the immobilization of actinides, particularly plutonium. Systematic studies of rare-earth pyrochlores have led to the discovery that certain compositions (B=Zr, Hf) are stable to very high doses of alpha-decay event damage. The radiation stability of these compositions is closely related to the structural distortions that occur for specific pyrochlore compositions and the electronic structure of the B-site cation. This understanding provides the basis for designing materials for the safe, long-term immobilization and sequestration of actinides. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：act系元素具有许多独特的化学和核性质。特别令人关注的是人造act系元素（Np，Pu，Cm和Am），其产生的量足够大，它们是裂变反应的能源，核武器的裂变材料的来源，并且由于它们的长半衰期和放射毒性。在过去的50年中，核反应堆中已产生超过1400 mT的Pu和大量的“次要” act系元素，例如Np，Am和Cm。处理这些元素有两种基本策略：（1）使用核反应堆或加速器“燃烧”或转化trans系元素; （2）将equ系元素“隔离”在适用于地质处置的化学耐用，抗辐射的材料中。使用等距烧绿石，A（2）B（2）O（7）（A =稀土; B-Ti，Zr，Sn和Hf）引起了人们的极大兴趣，以固定act系元素，特别是p。稀土烧绿石的系统研究导致发现某些组合物（B = Zr，Hf）对很高剂量的α衰变事件稳定。这些组合物的辐射稳定性与特定烧绿石组合物发生的结构变形和B位阳离子的电子结构密切相关。这种理解为设计用于act系元素的安全，长期固定和隔离的材料提供了基础。 （C）2004 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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