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首页> 外文期刊>Earth and Planetary Science Letters: A Letter Journal Devoted to the Development in Time of the Earth and Planetary System >On scaling cosmogenic nuclide production rates for altitude and latitude using cosmic-ray measurements
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On scaling cosmogenic nuclide production rates for altitude and latitude using cosmic-ray measurements

机译：使用宇宙线测量按比例缩放高空和高纬度宇宙成因核素的生产率

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摘要

The wide use of cosmogenic nuclides for dating terrestrial landforms has prompted a renewed interest in characterizing the spatial distribution of terrestrial cosmic rays. Cosmic-ray measurements from neutron monitors, nuclear emulsions and cloud chambers have played an important role in developing new models for scaling cosmic-ray neutron intensities and, indirectly, cosmogenic production rates. Unfortunately, current scaling models overlook or misinterpret many of these data. In this paper, we describe factors that must be considered when using neutron measurements to determine scaling formulations for production rates of cosmogenic nuclides. Over the past 50 years, the overwhelming majority of nucleon flux measurements have been taken with neutron monitors. However, in order ton use these data for scaling spallation reactions, the following factors must be considered: (1) sensitivity of instruments to muons and to background, (2) instrumental biases in energy sensitivity, (3) solar activity, and (4) the way of ordering cosmic-ray data in the geomagnetic field. Failure to account for these factors can result in discrepancies of as much as 7% in neutron attenuation lengths measured at the same location. This magnitude of deviation can result in an error on the order of 20% in cosmogenic production rates scaled from 4300 m to sea level. The shapes of latitude curves of nucleon flux also depend on these factors to a measurable extent, thereby causing additional uncertainties in cosmogenic production rates. The corrections proposed herein significantly improve our ability to transfer scaling formulations based on neutron measurements to scaling formulations applicable to spallation reactions, and, therefore, constitute an important advance in cosmogenic dating methodology.
机译：宇宙成因核素广泛用于定年陆地地貌，引起了人们对表征陆地宇宙射线空间分布的新兴趣。来自中子监测器，核乳剂和云室的宇宙射线测量在开发新模型中发挥了重要作用，该模型可用于缩放宇宙射线中子强度以及间接地影响宇宙产生率。不幸的是，当前的缩放模型忽略或误解了其中许多数据。在本文中，我们描述了在使用中子测量来确定宇宙成因核素生产率的定标配方时必须考虑的因素。在过去的50年中，绝大多数核子通量测量都是使用中子监测仪进行的。但是，为了使这些数据用于缩放散裂反应，必须考虑以下因素：（1）仪器对介子和背景的敏感性;（2）仪器对能量敏感性的偏见;（3）太阳活动;以及（4） ）在地磁场中对宇宙射线数据进行排序的方式。不考虑这些因素会导致在同一位置测得的中子衰减长度差异高达7％。这种偏离的幅度可能会导致从4300 m到海平面的宇宙产生产率产生大约20％的误差。核子通量的纬度曲线的形状在一定程度上也取决于这些因素，从而导致宇宙产生产率的其他不确定性。本文提出的修正方法大大提高了我们将基于中子测量结果的缩放配方转移到适用于散裂反应的缩放配方的能力，因此构成了宇宙定年方法学的重要进步。

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