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首页> 外文期刊>Ecosystems >The introduction of nonnative fish into wilderness lakes: Good intentions,conflicting mandates, and unintended consequences
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The introduction of nonnative fish into wilderness lakes: Good intentions,conflicting mandates, and unintended consequences

机译：将非本地鱼类引入荒野湖泊：良好的意图，相互冲突的任务规定以及意想不到的后果

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Because they have the potential to provide the best remaining standards of relatively unmodified landscapes, protected areas in North America (such as wilderness areas and national parks) have tremendous ecological and scientific value (Cole and Landres 1996). Although the montane ecosystems of western North America are particularly well represented in this complex of protected lands, aquatic habitats within these protected areas are often subject to management practices that are inconsistent with the goal of maintaining natural processes. The most prevalent of these practices is the introduction of salmonid fishes (such as trout) into historically fishless ecosystems to create recreational fisheries. These montane landscapes are the result of repeated glaciation during the Pleistocene epoch. The recession of glaciers 10,000 years ago created thousands of lakes, most of which were separated from downstream fish populations by impassible barriers on rivers and streams. These extensive fishless habitats were subsequently colonized by a diversity of aquatic species, many of which required fishless habitats for their persistence. Starting in the mid-1800s, Euro-American settlers began introducing salmonid fishes into these lakes and streams. By the mid-1900s, these fish-stocking efforts had been largely subsumed by the various agencies responsible for the management of fish and wildlife. Trout stocking was halted in most national parks in western North America during the 1970s and 1980s (Knapp 1996; Parker and others 2001), but the practice continues in other protected areas, such as wilderness areas in the western United States managed by the US Forest Service (Landres and others 2001).
机译：因为它们有潜力提供相对不变的景观的最佳剩余标准，所以北美的保护区（例如荒野和国家公园）具有巨大的生态和科学价值（Cole and Landres 1996）。尽管北美西部的山地生态系统在这种受保护的土地群中尤为突出，但这些保护区中的水生生境往往受到与维持自然过程目标相悖的管理实践的约束。这些做法中最普遍的是将鲑鱼（例如鳟鱼）引入历史上没有鱼类的生态系统中，以建立休闲渔业。这些山地景观是在更新世时期反复冰川形成的结果。 10,000年前的冰川衰退形成了数千个湖泊，其中大部分湖泊和河流由于无法逾越的障碍而与下游鱼类种群隔离开来。这些广阔的无鱼栖息地随后被多种水生物种定居，其中许多都需要无鱼栖息地来维持其生存。从1800年代中期开始，欧美定居者开始将鲑鱼引入这些湖泊和溪流。到1900年代中期，负责鱼类和野生动植物管理的各种机构已将这些鱼类放养工作大体上纳入了工作。在1970年代和1980年代，北美西部大多数国家公园都停止了鳟鱼放养（Knapp 1996; Parker等2001），但这种做法在其他保护区仍在继续，例如由美国森林管理的美国西部荒野地区。服务（Landres等人，2001年）。

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