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首页> 外文期刊>Ecosystems >Non-consumptive Effects of Native Deer on Introduced Earthworm Abundance
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Non-consumptive Effects of Native Deer on Introduced Earthworm Abundance

机译：本地鹿对Earth丰度的非消费影响

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Chronic ungulate herbivory impacts are well documented, consistently showing changes in plant community dynamics. In contrast, indirect ungulate effects on soil biota and processes are less well understood and idiosyncratic. Evidence suggests that increased deer abundance in northeastern North American forests may facilitate invasions by non-native earthworms and non-native plants through indirect non-consumptive processes. We sampled earthworm abundance using paired open and fenced plots (experimentally excluding deer) from 2008 to 2011 at 12 sites at West Point, NY and in 2013 at 21 additional sites across four states that varied in exclosure size and age since establishment. Fencing decreased earthworm abundance at West Point and in regional surveys. At West Point, negative effects of fencing on earthworm abundance decreased with soil pH and were stronger at sites dominated by native than non-native understory vegetation. Sites dominated by native vegetation had more acidic soils and lower earthworm abundance compared to sites dominated by non-native vegetation. In the regional survey, negative effects of fencing on earthworm abundance increased with time since fences were established, but effects were not affected by exclosure size or site location. We show unforeseen indirect effects of deer exclusion on earthworm populations. Results illustrate the need to account for complex interactive effects among co-occurring stressors, such as deer, earthworms, and non-native plants. Failures to account for these interactions will result in hidden treatments, will complicate interpretation of ecological experiments, and will create difficulties in designing appropriate management strategies aimed at reducing stressor effects.
机译：慢性有蹄类动物食草动物的影响已得到充分记录，并不断显示出植物群落动态的变化。相比之下，对土壤生物和过程的间接有蹄类动物的影响却鲜为人知和特质。有证据表明，北美东北部森林中鹿的丰度增加可能会通过间接的非消耗性过程促进非本地earth和非本地植物的入侵。自2008年至2011年，我们在纽约州西点的12个地点和2013年在四个州的另外21个地点使用成对的开阔地带和围栏地块（实验性地不包括鹿）对earth进行了抽样调查，该地点自成立以来在各个地方都有不同的exc虫大小和年龄。围栏在西点和区域调查中减少了worm的数量。在西点（West Point），篱笆对worm丰度的负面影响随着土壤pH值的降低而降低，在以原生为主的林下植被比非原生林下的植被更强。与非本地植被占主导地位的地区相比，本地植被占主导地位的地区具有更多的酸性土壤和较低的worm丰度。在区域调查中，自建立栅栏以来，围栏对earth丰度的负面影响随时间增加，但其影响不受围栏大小或地点的影响。我们显示了鹿ex对un种群的不可预见的间接影响。结果表明，需要考虑共同出现的应激源（例如鹿，earth和非本地植物）之间复杂的交互作用。无法解释这些相互作用将导致隐藏的处理方法，使生态实验的解释复杂化，并在设计旨在降低应激源影响的适当管理策略时会遇到困难。

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