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Engineering host-derived resistance against plant parasites through RNA interference: challenges and opportunities.

机译：工程宿主衍生的通过RNA干扰对植物寄生虫的抗性：挑战和机遇。

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摘要

RNA interference (RNAi) has rapidly advanced to become a powerful genetic tool and holds promise to revolutionizing agriculture by providing a strategy for controlling a wide array of crop pests. Numerous studies document RNAi efficacy in achieving silencing in viruses, insects, nematodes and weeds parasitizing crops. In general, host derived pest resistance through RNAi is achieved by genetically transforming host plants with double stranded RNA constructs targeted at essential parasite genes leading to generation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Small interfering RNAs formed in the host are then delivered to the parasite and transported to target cells. Delivery can be oral - worms and insects, viral infections, viruses - or through a vascular connections - parasitic plants, while delivery to target cells is by cell to cell systemic movement of the silencing signal. Despite the overall optimism in generating pest resistant crops through RNAi-mediated silencing, some hurdles have recently begun to emerge. Presently, the main challenge is delivery of sufficient siRNAs, in the right cells, and at the right time to mount; a strong, durable, and broad-spectrum posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) signal. This review highlights the novel strategies available for improving host derived RNAi resistance in downstream applied agriculture.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/bbug.2.4.15879
机译：RNA干扰（RNAi）已迅速发展成为强大的遗传工具，并有望通过提供一种控制多种农作物害虫的策略来彻底改变农业。大量研究表明，RNAi在使作物寄生的病毒，昆虫，线虫和杂草中达到沉默的功效。通常，通过用靶向必需寄生虫基因的双链RNA构建体遗传转化宿主植物，从而导致产生小的干扰RNA（siRNA），来实现通过RNAi对宿主产生的有害生物抗性。然后，在宿主中形成的小干扰RNA会被传递到寄生虫中，并被传递到靶细胞。递送可以是口服的-蠕虫和昆虫，病毒感染，病毒-或通过血管连接-寄生植物，而递送到靶细胞则是通过沉默信号的细胞间移动来实现的。尽管人们对通过RNAi介导的沉默产生抗虫害作物的总体乐观态度，但最近已经出现了一些障碍。目前，主要的挑战是在正确的细胞中，在正确的安装时间传递足够的siRNA。强大，持久且广谱的转录后基因沉默（PTGS）信号。这篇综述重点介绍了可用于改善下游应用农业中宿主衍生的RNAi抗性的新颖策略。数字对象标识符http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/bbug.2.4.15879

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