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The response of experimental rocky shore communities to nutrient additions

机译：实验性多石海岸社区对营养物添加的响应

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The aim of this study was to determine whether the experimental nutrient enrichment of littoral rocky shore communities would be followed by a predicted accumulation of fast-growing opportunistic algae and a subsequent loss of perennial benthic vegetation. Inorganic nitrogen (N) and potassium (P) was added to eight concrete mesocosms inhabited by established littoral communities dominated by fucoids. The response to nutrient enrichment was followed for almost 2 1/2 years. Fast-growing opportunistic algae (periphyton and ephemeral green algae) grew significantly faster in response to nutrient enrichment, but the growth of red filamentous algae and large perennial brown algae was unaffected. However, these changes were not followed by comparable changes in the biomass and composition of the macroalgae. The biomass of opportunistic algae was stimulated only marginally by the nutrient enrichment, and perennial brown algae (fucoids) remained dominant in the mesocosm regardless of nutrient treatment level. Established rocky shore communities thus seem able to resist the effects of heavy nutrient loading. We found that the combined effects of the heavy competition for space and light imposed by canopy-forming algae, preferential grazing on opportunistic algae by herbivores, and physical disturbance, succeeded by a marked export of detached opportunistic algae, prevented the fast-growing algae from becoming dominant. However, recruitment studies showed that the opportunistic algae would become dominant when free space was available under conditions of high nutrient loading and low grazing pressure. These results show that established communities of perennial algae and associated fauna in rocky shore environments can prevent or delay the accumulation of bloom-forming opportunistic algae and that the replacement of long-lived macroalgae by opportunistic species at high nutrient loading may be a slow process. Nutrient enrichment may not, in itself, be enough to stimulate structural changes in rocky shore communities.
机译：这项研究的目的是确定在沿海多岩石的海岸社区进行实验性养分富集之后，是否可以预测到快速增长的机会藻类的积累以及随后多年生底栖植被的丧失。将无机氮（N）和钾（P）添加到八个以岩藻土为主的沿海社区居住的混凝土中观空间中。对营养富集的响应进行了将近2 1/2年。快速生长的机会性藻类（周生藻和短暂绿藻）响应养分富集而增长得更快，但红色丝状藻类和多年生大型褐藻的生长不受影响。但是，在这些变化之后，大型藻的生物量和组成没有可比的变化。营养盐的富集仅能少量刺激机会藻的生物量，而无论营养水平如何，多年生褐藻（岩藻类）在中膜仍占主导地位。因此，已建立的多石海岸社区似乎能够抵抗大量养分负载的影响。我们发现，冠层形成藻类对空间和光线的激烈竞争，草食动物优先放牧机会性藻类以及物理干扰的共同作用，是由机会性藻类的显着出口所致，阻止了藻类快速生长成为主导。然而，招募研究表明，在高养分负荷和低放牧压力条件下，当自由空间可用时，机会性藻类将占主导地位。这些结果表明，在多岩石的海岸环境中建立多年生藻类及其相关动物群落可以防止或延迟形成水华的机会藻类的积累，在高养分含量下用机会性物种替代长寿巨藻可能是一个缓慢的过程。营养丰富本身可能不足以刺激多石海岸社区的结构变化。

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