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首页> 外文期刊>Ecosystems >Regulation of microbial community composition and activity by soil nutrient availability, soil pH, and herbivory in the tundra.
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Regulation of microbial community composition and activity by soil nutrient availability, soil pH, and herbivory in the tundra.

机译：通过冻土中土壤养分的可利用性，土壤的pH值和草食性来调节微生物群落的组成和活性。

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Soil nitrogen (N) availability and pH constitute major abiotic controls over microbial community composition and activity in tundra ecosystems. On the other hand, mammalian grazers form an important biotic factor influencing resource coupling between plants and soil microorganisms. To investigate individual effects and interactions among soil nutrients, pH, and grazing on tundra soils, we performed factorial treatments of fertilization, liming, and grazer exclusion in the field for 3 years at 2 contrasting tundra habitats, acidic (N-poor) and non-acidic (N-rich) tundra heaths. The effects of all treatments were small in the non-acidic tundra heaths. In the acidic tundra heaths, fertilization decreased the fungal:bacterial ratio as analyzed by soil PLFAs, but there were no effects of liming. Fertilization increased soil N concentrations more drastically in ungrazed than grazed plots, and in parallel, fertilization decreased the fungal:bacterial ratio to a greater extent in the ungrazed plots. Liming, on the other hand, partly negated the effects of fertilization on both soil N concentrations and PLFAs. Fertilization drastically increased the activity of phenol oxidase, a microbial enzyme synthesized for degradation of soil phenols, in grazed plots, but had no effect in ungrazed plots. Taken together, our results demonstrate that grazers have the potential to regulate the fungal:bacterial ratio in soils through influencing N availability for the soil microorganisms.
机译：土壤氮（N）的可用性和pH构成了苔原生态系统中微生物群落组成和活性的主要非生物控制。另一方面，哺乳动物的放牧者是影响植物与土壤微生物之间资源耦合的重要生物因子。为了调查苔原土壤上土壤养分，pH值和放牧之间的个体影响和相互作用，我们在两个相反的苔原生境（酸性（N贫瘠）和非苔原）上进行了3年的田间化肥处理，石灰形成和放牧排除-酸性（富氮）苔原荒地。在非酸性苔原荒地中，所有处理的影响均很小。在酸性苔原荒地中，施肥降低了土壤PLFA所分析的真菌与细菌的比率，但没有限制石灰的作用。施肥比未放牧地块更显着地增加了未耕地土壤中的氮含量，与此同时，施肥使未耕地中的真菌与细菌比率降低的程度更大。另一方面，Liming却部分抵消了施肥对土壤氮含量和PLFA的影响。施肥在放牧地块中急剧增加了酚氧化酶（一种为降解土壤酚而合成的微生物酶）的活性，但在未湿润地块中没有作用。两者合计，我们的结果表明，放牧者有可能通过影响土壤微生物对氮的利用来调节土壤中真菌与细菌的比率。

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