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Environmental stressors can enhance the development of community tolerance to a toxicant

机译：环境压力源可以增强社区对毒物的耐受性

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Ecosystems are subject to a combination of recurring anthropogenic and natural disturbances, such as climate change and pesticide exposure. Biological communities are known to develop tolerance to recurring disturbances due to successive changes at both the community and organismal levels. However, information on how additional stressors may affect the development of such community tolerance is scarce to date. We studied the influence of hydrological disturbance on the reaction of zooplankton communities to repeated insecticide pulses in outdoor microcosms. The communities were exposed to three successive pulses of the insecticide esfenvalerate (0.03, 0.3, and 3 μg/L) and to the gradual removal of water and its subsequent replacement over three cycles or to a constant water level. Except at the highest esfenvalerate concentration, the communities developed tolerance to the toxicant, as indicated by their decreasing reaction to subsequent insecticide applications, and this development was enhanced by hydrological disturbance. The pronounced decline of the key taxa Daphnia spp. through the combined action of the two stressors was identified as the main mechanism responsible for the increase in community tolerance under a fluctuating water level. Under a constant water level, the abundance of Daphnia spp. did not decrease significantly without the insecticide treatment, indicating that other mechanisms were responsible for the observed community tolerance. The present study shows that additional stressors can facilitate the development of community tolerance and that such facilitation is propagated through community-level mechanisms.
机译：生态系统易受反复的人为和自然干扰的影响，例如气候变化和农药暴露。众所周知，由于社区和生物体水平的连续变化，生物群落对复发性干扰具有耐受性。但是，迄今为止尚缺乏有关其他压力源如何影响社区容忍度发展的信息。我们研究了水文扰动对浮游动物群落对室外缩影中重复杀虫剂脉冲反应的影响。群落暴露于三个连续脉冲的杀虫剂依斯戊戊酸酯（0.03、0.3和3μg/ L）中，并逐渐除去水，随后在三个周期内将其替换，或保持恒定的水位。除了在最高的艾芬戊酸酯浓度外，这些社区对毒物具有耐受性，这是由于它们对随后使用杀虫剂的反应减少而表明的，而这种发展因水文干扰而增强。关键类群Daphnia spp的明显下降。通过两个压力源的共同作用被确定为在水位波动的情况下增加社区容忍度的主要机制。在恒定的水位下，水蚤种类丰富。如果不使用杀虫剂，则不会显着降低，这表明观察到的社区耐受性的其他机制也有原因。本研究表明，更多的压力源可以促进社区容忍度的发展，并且这种促进作用是通过社区层面的机制传播的。

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