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Polytomous differential item functioning and violations of ordering of the expected latent trait by the raw score

机译：多态差异项功能和原始分数违反预期潜在特征的排序

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摘要

The graded response ( GR) and generalized partial credit ( GPC) models do not imply that examinees ordered by raw observed score will necessarily be ordered on the expected value of the latent trait ( OEL). Factors were manipulated to assess whether increased violations of OEL also produced increased Type I error rates in differential item functioning ( DIF) procedures conditioned on the raw score. Shorter tests and greater variance in item slope parameters increased OEL violations for the GR data but not for the GPC data. These same factors, combined with group mean differences between the reference and focal groups, increased the Type I error rate for the observed raw score DIF methods for both the GR and GPC data. A procedure conditioned on the classical test theory latent score estimate instead of the observed score helped reduce the Type I error in some of the conditions but not for the shortest tests.
机译：分级反应（GR）和广义部分学分（GPC）模型并不意味着按原始观察分数排序的考生必须根据潜在特征（OEL）的预期值排序。操纵因素来评估是否违反OEL的增加是否也导致了以原始评分为条件的差异项功能（DIF）程序中I型错误率的增加。较短的测试和较大的项目坡度参数方差会增加GR数据的OEL违规性，而不会破坏GPC数据。这些相同的因素，加上参考组和焦点组之间的组均值差异，增加了GR和GPC数据的原始得分DIF方法的I型错误率。以经典测试理论的潜在得分估计为条件而不是观察到的得分为基础的过程有助于在某些情况下减少I型错误，但对于最短的测试则不能。

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