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Linearity in the aggregate effects of multiple predators in a food web

机译：食物网中多种捕食者聚集效应的线性

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摘要

Theory in community ecology often assumes that predator species have similar indirect effects and thus can be treated mathematically as a single functional unit (e.g. guild or trophic level). This assumption is questionable biologically because predator species typically differ in their effects, creating the potential for nonlinearities when they coexist. We evaluated the nature of indirect effects caused by three species of hunting spider predators, singly and in multiple species combinations, on grass and herb plants in experimental old-field food webs. Despite the potential for nonlinearity, indirect effects in different multiple predator combinations consistently did not differ significantly from the respective means of the single species effects. Thus, for this experimental system, the whole was simply the average of the parts. Consequently, models which abstract predator species as single tropic levels would successfully predict indirect effects in this system regardless of the composition of the predator fauna.
机译：社区生态学理论通常假设捕食者物种具有相似的间接影响，因此可以在数学上被视为一个单一的功能单元（例如行会或营养级别）。这个假设在生物学上是可疑的，因为捕食物种通常在效果上有所不同，并存时会产生非线性。我们在实验性的老田地食物网中，评估了由三种捕食蜘蛛捕食者单独和以多种物种组合对草和草本植物造成的间接影响的性质。尽管存在非线性的可能性，但是在不同的多种捕食者组合中的间接影响始终与单个物种影响的相应方法没有显着差异。因此，对于该实验系统，整体只是各个部分的平均值。因此，将捕食者物种抽象为单一热带水平的模型将成功预测该系统中的间接影响，而与捕食者动物区系的组成无关。

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