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首页> 外文期刊>Ecology letters >Oxidative stress as a mediator of life history trade-offs: mechanisms, measurements and interpretation
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Oxidative stress as a mediator of life history trade-offs: mechanisms, measurements and interpretation

机译：氧化应激作为生活史权衡的中介：机理，测量和解释

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摘要

The concept of trade-offs is central to our understanding of life-history evolution. The underlying mechanisms, however, have been little studied. Oxidative stress results from a mismatch between the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the organism's capacity to mitigate their damaging effects. Managing oxidative stress is likely to be a major determinant of life histories, as virtually all activities generate ROS. There is a recent burgeoning of interest in how oxidative stress is related to different components of animal performance. The emphasis to date has been on immediate or short-term effects, but there is an increasing realization that oxidative stress will influence life histories over longer time scales. The concept of oxidative stress is currently used somewhat loosely by many ecologists, and the erroneous assumption often made that dietary antioxidants are necessarily the major line of defence against ROS-induced damage. We summarize current knowledge on how oxidative stress occurs and the different methods for measuring it, and highlight where ecologists can be too simplistic in their approach. We critically review the potential role of oxidative stress in mediating life-history trade-offs, and present a framework for formulating appropriate hypotheses and guiding experimental design. We indicate throughout potentially fruitful areas for further research.
机译：权衡的概念对于我们理解生命历史演变至关重要。然而，对潜在的机制进行了很​​少的研究。氧化应激是由破坏性活性氧物质（ROS）的产生与生物体减轻其破坏作用的能力之间的不匹配造成的。应对氧化应激可能是生活史的主要决定因素，因为几乎所有活动都会产生ROS。氧化应激与动物行为的不同组成部分之间的关​​系最近引起了人们的关注。迄今为止，重点一直放在短期或短期影响上，但是人们越来越认识到，氧化应激会在更长的时间范围内影响生活史。目前，许多生态学家在某种程度上松散地使用了氧化应激的概念，并且错误的假设常常使饮食中的抗氧化剂成为抵抗由ROS引起的损害的主要防线。我们总结了当前关于氧化应激如何发生的知识以及测量氧化应激的不同方法，并着重指出了生态学家在方法上过于简单的地方。我们批判性地审查了氧化应激在介导生命历史权衡中的潜在作用，并提出了制定适当假设和指导实验设计的框架。我们指出了可能富有成果的整个领域，以供进一步研究。

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