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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Erosion and terrace failure due to agricultural land abandonment in a semi-arid environment
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Erosion and terrace failure due to agricultural land abandonment in a semi-arid environment

机译：在半干旱环境中由于弃用农用土地造成的侵蚀和梯田破坏

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摘要

Agricultural land abandonment is currently widely spread in Mediterranean countries and a further increase is expected. Previous research has shown that abandoned fields in semi-arid areas are more vulnerable to gully erosion. The absence of ploughing and slow vegetation recovery cause the formation of soil crusts with low infiltration rates, resulting in increased runoff and gully erosion risk. The objective of our study was to assess the extent and causes of erosion and terrace failure on abandoned fields and to discuss options for mitigation. The study was carried out in the Carcavo basin, a semi-arid catchment in southeast Spain. At catchment scale all abandoned fields were surveyed and characteristics of each field were described. Additionally we surveyed abandoned and cultivated terraces and used statistical analyses to determine the factors that induce terrace failure. At field scale we constructed a detailed digital elevation model (DEM) for an abandoned terrace field in order to calculate sediment losses since time of abandonment. The results revealed that more than half the abandoned fields had moderate to severe erosion and the statistical analysis showed that these fields had significantly steeper slopes, were terraced and had cereals as previous land use. Factors that increase the risk of terrace failure were land abandonment, steeper terrace slope, loam texture, valley-bottom position and shrubs on the terrace wall. The reconstructed erosion rate (87 ton ha"1 year"1) confirmed the importance of gully erosion on these abandoned terrace fields. Potential soil and water conservation practices to mitigate soil erosion after abandonment are: (1) maintenance of terrace walls, as a result more water is retained, which increases vegetation cover and consequently decreases erosion. (2) Revegetation with indigenous grass species on spots with concentrated flow, especially near terrace walls.
机译：目前，农业土地遗弃在地中海国家广泛传播，并且预计还会有进一步增加。先前的研究表明，半干旱地区的荒地更容易遭受沟壑侵蚀。没有耕作和植被恢复缓慢会导致土壤结皮形成，渗透率低，导致径流增加和沟壑侵蚀的风险增加。我们研究的目的是评估荒地上侵蚀和梯田破坏的程度和原因，并讨论缓解措施。这项研究是在西班牙东南部半干旱集水区卡卡沃盆地进行的。在集水规模上，对所有废弃的田地进行了调查，并描述了每个田地的特征。此外，我们调查了废弃和耕种的阶地，并使用统计分析来确定诱发阶地破坏的因素。在田间尺度上，我们为废弃的梯田建立了详细的数字高程模型（DEM），以计算自废弃以来的沉积物损失。结果表明，一半以上的废弃田地受到中度至严重的侵蚀，统计分析表明，这些田地的坡度明显陡峭，呈梯田状，谷物作为以前的土地用途。导致梯田倒塌风险增加的因素是土地遗弃，梯田坡度变陡，壤土质地，谷底位置和梯田墙壁上的灌木。重建的侵蚀速率（87吨公顷“ 1年” 1）证实了在这些废弃的梯田上沟壑侵蚀的重要性。为减轻废弃后水土流失的潜在水土保持措施是：（1）维护梯田墙壁，结果是保留了更多的水，这增加了植被的覆盖范围，因此减少了水土流失。 （2）在水流集中的地方，特别是在梯田墙附近，用本地草种进行植被恢复。

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