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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Modelling raindrop impact and splash erosion processes within a spatial cell: a stochastic approach
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Modelling raindrop impact and splash erosion processes within a spatial cell: a stochastic approach

机译：模拟空间单元中的雨滴影响和飞溅侵蚀过程：一种随机方法

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A new approach is proposed to simulate splash erosion on local soil surfaces. Without the effect of wind and other raindrops, the impact of free-falling raindrops was considered as an independent event from the stochastic viewpoint. The erosivity of a single raindrop depending on its kinetic energy was computed by an empirical relationship in which the kinetic energy was expressed as a power function of the equivalent diameter of the raindrop. An empirical linear function combining the kinetic energy and soil shear strength was used to estimate the impacted amount of soil particles by a single raindrop. Considering an ideal local soil surface with size of I m x I m, the expected number of received free-failing raindrops with different diameters per unit time was described by the combination of the raindrop size distribution function and the terminal velocity of raindrops. The total splash amount was seen as the sum of the impact amount by all raindrops in the rainfall event. The total splash amount per unit time was subdivided into three different components, including net splash amount, single impact amount and re-detachment amount. The re-detachment amount was obtained by a spatial geometric probability derived using the Poisson function in which overlapped impacted areas were considered. The net splash amount was defined as the mass of soil particles collected outside the splash dish. It was estimated by another spatial geometric probability in which the average splashed distance related to the median grain size of soil and effects of other impacted soil particles and other free-falling raindrops were considered. Splash experiments in artificial rainfall were carried out to validate the availability and accuracy of the model. Our simulated results suggested that the net splash amount and re-detachment amount were small parts of the total splash amount. Their proportions were 0.15% and 2.6%, respectively. The comparison of simulated data with measured data showed that this model could be applied to simulate the soil-splash process successfully and needed information of the rainfall intensity and original soil properties including initial bulk intensity, water content, median grain size and some empirical constants related to the soil surface shear strength, the raindrop size distribution function and the average splashed distance. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：提出了一种新的方法来模拟当地土壤表面的飞溅侵蚀。在没有风和其他雨滴的影响的情况下，从随机角度来看，自由落下的雨滴的影响被认为是独立的事件。通过经验关系来计算单个雨滴的侵蚀力，取决于其动能，在该关系中，动能表示为雨滴等效直径的幂函数。结合动能和土壤抗剪强度的经验线性函数用于估计单个雨滴对土壤颗粒的影响量。考虑一个理想的局部土壤表面，其大小为I m x I m，结合雨滴大小分布函数和雨滴的终极速度，描述了单位时间内不同直径的自由落雨的预期接收数目。总飞溅量被视为降雨事件中所有雨滴的影响量之和。每单位时间的总飞溅量分为三个不同的部分，包括净飞溅量，单次冲击量和重新分离量。通过使用泊松函数导出的空间几何概率获得重新分离量，其中考虑了重叠的受影响区域。净飞溅量定义为在飞溅皿外收集的土壤颗粒质量。它是通过另一个空间几何概率来估计的，其中考虑了与土壤中值粒径相关的平均飞溅距离以及其他受影响的土壤颗粒和其他自由下落的雨滴的影响。在人工降雨中进行了飞溅实验，以验证该模型的可用性和准确性。我们的模拟结果表明，净飞溅量和重新分离量仅占总飞溅量的一小部分。它们的比例分别为0.15％和2.6％。模拟数据与实测数据的比较表明，该模型可以成功地模拟土壤飞溅过程，需要降雨强度和原始土壤性质的信息，包括初始体积强度，含水量，中值粒径和一些经验常数。土表抗剪强度，雨滴大小分布函数和平均飞溅距离。版权所有（c）2007 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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