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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Colonization and weathering of engineering materials by marine microorganisms: An SEM study
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Colonization and weathering of engineering materials by marine microorganisms: An SEM study

机译：海洋微生物对工程材料的定殖和风化：SEM研究

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摘要

Microorganisms are a ubiquitous feature of most hard substrata on Earth and their role in the geomorphological alteration of rock and stone is widely recognized. The role of microorganisms in the modification of engineering materials introduced into the intertidal zone through the construction of hard coastal defences is less well understood. Here we use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine microbial colonization and micro-scale geomorphological features on experimental blocks of limestone, granite and marine concrete after eight months' exposure in the intertidal zone in Cornwall, UK. Significant differences in the occurrence of microbial growth features, and micro-scale weathering and erosion features were observed between material types (ANOVA p < 0·000). Exposed limestone blocks were characterized by euendolithic borehole erosion (99% occurrence) within the upper 34·0 ± 12·3μm of the surface. Beneath the zone of boring, inorganic weathering (chemical dissolution and salt action) had occurred to a depth of 125·0 ± 39·0μm. Boring at the surface of concrete was less common (27% occurrence), while bio-chemical crusting was abundant (94% occurrence, mean thickness 45·1 ± 27·7μm). Crusts consisted of biological cells, salts and other chemical precipitates. Evidence of cryptoendolithic growth was also observed in limestone and concrete, beneath the upper zone of weathering. On granite, biological activity was restricted to thin epilithic films (<10μm thickness) with some limited evidence of mechanical breakdown. Results presented here demonstrate the influence of substratum lithology, hardness and texture on the nature of early micro-scale colonization, and the susceptibility of different engineering materials to organic weathering and erosion processes in the intertidal zone. The implications of differences in initial biogeomorphic responses of materials for long-term rock weathering, ecology and engineering durability are discussed.
机译：微生物是地球上最坚硬的基质普遍存在的特征，微生物在岩石和石头的地貌变化中的作用已得到广泛认可。人们对微生物在通过建设坚硬的沿海防御工事引入潮间带的工程材料的改性中的作用了解得很少。在这里，我们使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）在英国康沃尔郡的潮间带暴露了八个月之后，检查了石灰岩，花岗岩和海洋混凝土实验块上的微生物定植和微观尺度的地貌特征。在不同材料类型之间，微生物生长特征的发生以及微尺度的风化和侵蚀特征存在显着差异（ANOVA p <0·000）。裸露的石灰岩块的特征是在地表上部34·0±12·3μm内发生了真石碎石钻孔侵蚀（发生率99％）。在钻孔区域下方，发生了无机风化（化学溶解和盐分作用），深度为125·0±39​​·0μm。在混凝土表面的钻孔较少见（发生27％），而生化结皮现象却很丰富（发生94％，平均厚度为45·1±27·7μm）。地壳由生物细胞，盐和其他化学沉淀物组成。在风化上部区域下方的石灰岩和混凝土中也观察到隐岩质生长的证据。在花岗岩上，生物活性仅限于薄的表石薄膜（厚度小于10μm），并且有一些机械破裂的有限证据。此处提供的结果证明了基底岩性，硬度和质地对早期微尺度定殖的性质的影响，以及不同工程材料对潮间带有机风化和侵蚀过程的敏感性。讨论了材料的初始生物地貌响应差异对长期岩石风化，生态学和工程耐久性的影响。

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