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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: A GIS based method for their evaluation
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Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: A GIS based method for their evaluation

机译：海平面驱动的沿海和内陆喀斯特地貌形态：一种基于GIS的评估方法

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摘要

Sea level is the base level for groundwater circulation in coastal aquifers. The evolution of karst surface landforms and subsurface drainage systems in these aquifers has been conditioned in geological time by tectonics and glacio-eustatic sea-level changes. Present morpho-structural settings and the type/distribution of karst surface and subsurface forms have developed in different carbonate formations according to differences in lithology, climate and exposure time, all driving the intensity of morphologic and karst processes. The repeated and significant changes of groundwater level linked to 'sea-level changes' have had the most important role in driving the continuous evolution of karstic drainage systems, and has resulted in most cases in a multiphase karst. This study aims at defining a general method for identifying, in karst coastal settings, the elevations of flat or low topographic gradient surfaces (using morphometric analysis of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and geographical information systems (GISs), and their comparison with elevations of distinctive karstic levels (passages, lateral solution cavities) observed in vertical shafts and horizontal caves. Of the elevations of flat or low topographic gradient surfaces only those agreeing, within ±10 m or ±20 m, with elevation ranges marked by the high frequency of distinctive karst levels were considered as representative of the more probable past sea-level stands. The method is applied to a regional coastal carbonate formation in southern Italy, by using a 10 m DEM and information on 140 complex caves and 85 shafts. Of the 15 elevations indicated by DEM analysis [620, 600, 470, 450, 425, 385, 355, 315, 270, 250, 205, 180, 150, 110, and 70 m above sea level (a.s.l.)], 13 match clearly those highlighted by significant frequencies of distinctive karstic levels. These elevations are validated by comparison to the elevation of terraces and karst plains indicated in the literature.
机译：海平面是沿海含水层中地下水循环的基础。这些水层中的喀斯特地貌和地下排水系统的演化在地质时期受到构造学和冰川-冰川-海平面变化的调节。根据岩性，气候和暴露时间的差异，在不同的碳酸盐岩地层中，目前的形态构造环境以及岩溶表面和地下形式的类型/分布，都在驱动着形态学和岩溶过程的强度。与“海平面变化”相关的地下水位的反复而显着的变化在驱动岩溶排水系统的持续发展中发挥了最重要的作用，并且在大多数情况下导致了多相岩溶。这项研究旨在定义一种在喀斯特沿海地区识别平坦或低地形梯度表面的高程的通用方法（使用数字高程模型（DEM）和地理信息系统（GIS）的形态计量分析，以及与高程的比较）在垂直竖井和水平洞穴中观察到独特的岩溶水位（通道，横向溶蚀洞），在平坦或低地形梯度表面的高程中，只有在±10 m或±20 m以内的高度一致，且高程以高频率标出通过使用10 m DEM以及140个复杂洞穴和85个竖井的信息，该方法被认为是意大利南部地区沿海碳酸盐岩地层的一种典型方法，被认为是独特的岩溶水平代表的。 DEM分析指示的海拔高度[asl，620、600、470、450、425、385、355、315、270、250、205、180、150、110和70 m]，13匹配ly那些由独特的岩溶水平的显着频率突出显示的那些。通过与文献中指出的阶地和喀斯特平原的海拔进行比较，可以验证这些海拔。

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