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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Environmental change, hydromorphological reference conditions and the restoration of Polish Carpathian rivers
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Environmental change, hydromorphological reference conditions and the restoration of Polish Carpathian rivers

机译：环境变化，水文形态参考条件和波兰喀尔巴阡河的恢复

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摘要

In the twentieth century Polish Carpathian rivers were considerably modified by channelization and gravel mining, with significant detrimental effects to their ecological integrity, vertical stability of the streambeds and flood hazard to downstream river reaches. Restoration of the rivers is thus necessary to improve their ecological status and re-establish geomorphic dynamic equilibrium conditions. Various approaches to defining hydromorphological reference conditions, proposed to date in river restoration literature, have serious deficiencies. In particular, environmental changes that took place in the catchments of Carpathian rivers during the twentieth century invalidate the historical state of the rivers as reference for their restoration. This is illustrated by a change from bar-braided to island-braided channel pattern that occurred in the past century in unmanaged sections of the Czarny Dunajec in response to a reduction in flow and sediment dynamics of the river. We indicate that reference conditions should be defined as those which exist or would exist under present environmental conditions in the catchment but without human influence on the channel, riparian zone and floodplain of the river which is to be restored. This assumption was tested through the evaluation of hydromorphological river quality of the Czarny Dunajec according to the European Standard EN-14614. The evaluation confirmed a high-status hydromorphological quality in an unmanaged channel section, which can thus be used as a reference for restoration of impacted river sections.
机译：在20世纪，波兰的喀尔巴阡河经过渠道化和砾石开采而发生了很大的变化，对其生态完整性，河床的垂直稳定性和对下游河道的洪水危害都产生了严重的不利影响。因此，恢复河流对于改善其生态状况和重新建立地貌动态平衡条件是必要的。迄今为止，在河流修复文献中提出的各种定义水形态参考条件的方法都存在严重缺陷。特别是，二十世纪喀尔巴阡河流域发生的环境变化使河流的历史状态作废，无法作为河流恢复的参考。上个世纪在沙皇杜纳耶茨克（Czarny Dunajec）无管理区发生的从辫状河道到岛状河道变化的变化可以说明这一点，这是由于河流的水流和泥沙动力减少所致。我们指出，参考条件应定义为流域内当前环境条件下已经存在或将要存在的参考条件，但对要恢复的河道，河岸带和洪泛区没有人为影响。通过根据欧洲标准EN-14614对Czarny Dunajec的水形河水质量进行评估来检验该假设。该评估证实了未经管理的河道断面的高形态水文质量，因此可以作为恢复受影响河段的参考。

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