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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Speleogenesis of an exhumed hydrothermal sulphuric acid karst in Cambrian carbonates (Mount San Giovanni, Sardinia)
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Speleogenesis of an exhumed hydrothermal sulphuric acid karst in Cambrian carbonates (Mount San Giovanni, Sardinia)

机译：寒武纪碳酸盐岩（撒丁岛圣乔瓦尼山）发掘出的热液硫酸盐溶岩溶的成岩作用

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摘要

In the past few years the systematic study of caves intercepted by mine workings in southwest Sardinia has permitted us to observe morphologies due to rare speleogenetic and minerogenetic processes related to ancient hydrothermal activity. These relic morphologies are slowly being overprinted by recent speleogenetic processes that tend to obscure the hypogene origin of these caves. A combined geomorphological and mineralogical investigation has permitted a fairly detailed reconstruction of the various phases of evolution of these caves. Cave formation had already started in Cambrian times, but culminated in the Carboniferous, when most of the large voids still accessible tody were formed. A key role in carbonate dissolution was played by sulphuric acid formed by the oxidation of the polymetallic ores present in the rocks since the Cambrian. During the Quaternary a variety of minerals formed inside the caves: calcite and aragonite, that yielded sequences of palaeo-environmental interest, and also barite, phosgenite, hydrozincite, hemimorphite and many others. These minerals are in part due to a phreatic thermal hypogenic cave forming phase, and in part to later epigene overprinting in an oxidizing environment rich in polymetallic ores. Massive gypsum deposits, elsewhere typical of this kind of caves, are entirely absent due to dissolution during both the phreatic cave formation and the later epigenic stage.
机译：在过去的几年中，对撒丁岛西南部矿山截留的洞穴的系统研究使我们能够观察到与古代热液活动有关的罕见的造山作用和成矿作用过程。这些遗物形态被最近的造山过程缓慢地套印，这些造物过程往往使这些洞穴的次生起源难以理解。结合地貌和矿物学研究，可以对这些洞穴演化的各个阶段进行相当详细的重建。洞穴形成早在寒武纪开始，但在石炭纪达到顶峰，当时大多数仍可进入的大型空隙形成了。自寒武纪以来，岩石中存在的多金属矿石的氧化形成的硫酸在碳酸盐溶解中起着关键作用。在第四纪期间，洞穴内形成了多种矿物：方解石和文石，产生了一系列古环境趣味，以及重晶石，光辉石，水锌矿，半变石等。这些矿物部分归因于潜水热次生洞穴形成阶段，部分归因于后来在富含多金属矿石的氧化环境中表观基因叠印。由于在潜水洞穴的形成和后来的表观成因阶段都发生了溶解作用，所以完全没有石膏的沉积物，而在这种洞穴中是其他典型的沉积物。

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