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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Using on-nadir spectral reflectance to detect soil surface changes induced by simulated rainfall and wind tunnel abrasion
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Using on-nadir spectral reflectance to detect soil surface changes induced by simulated rainfall and wind tunnel abrasion

机译：利用天底光谱反射率检测模拟降雨和风洞磨蚀引起的土壤表面变化

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The surface susceptibility to erosion (erodibility) is an important component of soil erosion models. Many studies of wind erosion have shown that even relatively small changes in surface conditions can have a considerable effect on the temporal and spatial variability of dust emissions. One of the main difficulties in measuring erodibility is that it is controlled by a number of highly variable soil factors. Collection of these data is often limited in scale because in situ measurements are labour-intensive and very time-consuming. To improve wind erosion model predictions over several spatial and temporal scales simultaneously, there is a requirement for a non-invasive approach that can be used to rapidly assess changes in the compositional and structural nature of a soil surface in time and space. Spectral reflectance of the soil surface appears to meet these desirable requirements and it is controlled by properties that affect the soil erodibility. Three soil surfaces were modified using rainfall simulation and wind tunnel abrasion experiments. Observations of those changes were made and recorded using digital images and on-nadir spectral reflectance. The results showed clear evidence of the information content in the spectral domain that was otherwise difficult to interpret given the complicated interrelationships between soil composition and structure. Changes detected at the soil surface included the presence of a crust produced by rainsplash, the production of loose erodible material covering a rain crust and the selective erosion of the soil surface. The effect of rainsplash and aeolian abrasion was different for each soil tested and crust abrasion was shown to decrease as rainfall intensity increased. The relative contributions of the eroded material from each soil surface to trapped mixtures of material assisted the erodibility assessment. Ordination analyses within each of two important soil types explained significant amounts of the variation in the reflectance of all wavebands by treatments of the soil and hence changes in the soil surface. The results show that soil surface conditions within a soil type are an underestimated source of variation in the characterization of soil surface erodibility and in the remote sensing of soil. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：表面对侵蚀的敏感性（侵蚀性）是土壤侵蚀模型的重要组成部分。许多风蚀研究表明，即使是相对较小的表面条件变化，也可能对粉尘排放的时间和空间变异性产生重大影响。测量可蚀性的主要困难之一是它受多种高度可变的土壤因素控制。这些数据的收集通常在规模上受到限制，因为原位测量需要大量劳动并且非常耗时。为了同时在几个时空尺度上改善风蚀模型的预测，需要一种非侵入性方法，该方法可用于快速评估时空土壤表面的组成和结构性质的变化。土壤表面的光谱反射率似乎可以满足这些要求，并且受影响土壤易蚀性的特性控制。使用降雨模拟和风洞磨蚀实验对三个土壤表面进行了修改。使用数字图像和天底光谱反射率观察并记录了这些变化。结果显示出光谱域信息内容的明确证据，考虑到土壤成分与结构之间的复杂相互关系，这些信息难以解释。在土壤表面检测到的变化包括因雨水飞溅而产生的硬皮，覆盖雨水的松散易蚀物质的产生以及对土壤表面的选择性侵蚀。雨滴和风沙磨损的影响在每种测试土壤上均不同，并且结皮磨损随着降雨强度的增加而降低。来自每个土壤表面的侵蚀物质对被困物质混合物的相对贡献有助于侵蚀性评估。在两种重要土壤类型中的每种类型的排序分析都说明，通过处理土壤，所有波段的反射率都会发生大量变化，从而改变土壤表面。结果表明，土壤类型内的土壤表面状况是低估了土壤表面易蚀性特征和土壤遥感变化的来源。版权所有（c）2005 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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