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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Channel network extent in the context of historical land use, flow generation processes, and landscape evolution in the North Carolina Piedmont
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Channel network extent in the context of historical land use, flow generation processes, and landscape evolution in the North Carolina Piedmont

机译：北卡罗莱纳州皮埃蒙特的历史土地利用，流量生成过程和景观演变背景下的渠道网络范围

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摘要

Intensive agricultural land use in the 18th to early 20th centuries on the southeastern Piedmont resulted in substantial soil erosion and gully development. Today, many historically farmed areas have been abandoned and afforested, and such landscapes are an opportunity to study channel network recovery from disturbance by gullying. Channel initiation mapping, watershed area-slope relationships, and field monitoring of flow generation processes are used to identify channel network extent and place it in hydrologic, historical and landscape evolution context. In six study areas in the North Carolina Piedmont, 100 channel heads were mapped in fully-forested watersheds, revealing a channel initiation relationship of 380=AS~(1.27), where A is contributing area (m~2) and S is local slope (m/m). Flow in these channels is generated by subsurface and overland flow. The measured relative slope exponent is lower than expected based on literature values of ~2 for forested watersheds with subsurface and overland flow, suggesting that the channel network extent may reflect a former hydrological regime. However, geomorphic evidence of recovery in channel heads within fully forested watersheds is greater than those with present day pasture. Present day channel heads lie within hollows or downslope of unchanneled valleys, which may be remnants of historical gullies, and area-slope relationships provide evidence of colluvial aggradation within the valleys. Channel network extent appears to be sensitive to land use change, with recovery beginning within decades of afforestation. Channel initiation mapping and area-slope relationships are shown to be useful tools for interpreting geomorphic effects of land use change.
机译：皮埃蒙特东南部18世纪至20世纪初密集的农业用地导致了严重的水土流失和沟壑发展。如今，许多历史悠久的耕种地区已被废弃和绿化，这些景观为研究渠道网络从沟壑干扰中恢复的机会提供了机会。渠道启动映射，流域面积-坡度关系以及流量生成过程的现场监控用于识别渠道网络范围，并将其置于水文，历史和景观演化背景下。在北卡罗莱纳州皮埃蒙特的六个研究区域中，在完全密林的流域中绘制了100个航道首标，揭示了380 = AS〜（1.27）的航道初始关系，其中A为贡献面积（m〜2），S为局部坡度（米/米）。这些通道中的水流是由地下和陆上水流产生的。对于具有地下和陆上径流的森林流域，测得的相对坡度指数低于基于文献值〜2的预期值，这表明渠道网络范围可能反映了以前的水文状况。但是，在森林茂密的流域内，河床顶部恢复的地貌证据比具有现代牧场的河床更大。当今的河道水头位于未开凿的山谷的凹陷或下坡中，这可能是历史沟壑的残余，并且面积与坡度的关系提供了山谷中冲积作用的证据。渠道网络的范围似乎对土地利用的变化敏感，其恢复在造林数十年之内就开始了。通道初始映射和面积-坡度关系被证明是用于解释土地利用变化的地貌影响的有用工具。

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