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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Architecture of the deep critical zone in the Rio Icacos watershed (Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, Puerto Rico) inferred from drilling and ground penetrating radar (GPR)
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Architecture of the deep critical zone in the Rio Icacos watershed (Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, Puerto Rico) inferred from drilling and ground penetrating radar (GPR)

机译：根据钻探和探地雷达（GPR）推断，里约伊卡科斯流域的深层临界区（波多黎各卢基洛临界区天文台）的架构

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摘要

In the critical zone, surficial bedrock interactions result in the formation of a mantle of chemically- and physically-altered material defined here as regolith. In the watershed of the Rio Icacos, an upland river draining the Luquillo Mountains in tropical Puerto Rico, we explored the influence of lithology (quartz diorite versus hornfels-facies volcaniclastic rock) on weathering. Regolith profiles were studied by drilling boreholes and imaging the subsurface using ground penetrating radar (GPR). Overall, the regolith structure is not laterally continuous but rather is punctuated by zones of deep fractures that host in situ weathering, corestones, and colluvial material. GPR images of these vertical zones show reflectors at 15-20m depth. Thus, the architecture of the critical zone in the upper Luquillo Mountains is highly dependent on lithology and its influence on fracture development. At the highest elevations where hornfels overlies quartz diorite, positive feedbacks occur when the water table drops so that oxidative weathering of biotite in the more felsic rock creates microfractures and allows deeper infiltration of meteoric waters. Such exposure results in some of the fastest weathering rocks in the world and may contribute to formation of the knickpoint in the Rio Icacos watershed. This work represents the first study combining GPR and drilling to look at the structure of the deep critical zone and demonstrates: (1) the importance of combining direct methods (such as drilling) with indirect methods (such as GPR) to understand the architecture of the critical zone in tropical systems; (2) the interplay of the surficial stress regime, lithology and climate in dictating the architecture of weathering. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：在临界区，表层基岩的相互作用导致形成了化学和物理改变的物质的地幔，在这里被定义为灰泥岩。在热带波多黎各的卢卡洛山脉排水的高地河流里卡伊科科斯的分水岭上，我们探索了岩性（石英闪长岩与角岩相火山碎屑岩）对风化的影响。通过钻探钻孔并使用探地雷达（GPR）对地下成像，研究了Regolith剖面。总的来说，re石结构不是横向连续的，而是被深裂的区域所打断，这些深裂区域具有原位的风化作用，岩心和冲积物质。这些垂直区域的GPR图像显示了15-20m深度的反射器。因此，卢奎洛山脉上游的关键区域的构造高度依赖岩性及其对裂缝发育的影响。在角f覆盖在石英闪长岩之上的最高海拔处，当地下水位下降时会产生正反馈，从而使长石质岩石中黑云母的氧化风化产生微裂缝，并使陨石水更深地渗透。这种暴露导致世界上一些风化最快的岩石，并可能导致里卡伊科科斯（Rio Icacos）分水岭的拐点形成。这项工作代表了结合GPR和钻探以研究深部临界区结构的第一项研究，并证明了：（1）将直接方法（如钻探）与间接方法（如GPR）相结合以了解井壁结构的重要性。热带系统的关键区域; （2）表层应力状态，岩性和气候在决定风化结构方面的相互作用。版权所有（c）2016 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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