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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Rank-collapse processes in a valley-bottom gully, western Iowa
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Rank-collapse processes in a valley-bottom gully, western Iowa

机译：爱荷华州西部谷底沟壑的秩崩溃过程

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摘要

Widening and bank-slope reduction of a valley-bottom gully in western Iowa was correlated to increasing subsurface flow over a 36-year period. To study bank collapse at this gully, we measured rainfall, air temperature, hydraulic head near the banks and batik movement nearly continuously over a 2-year period. Styles of movement ranged from imperceptible creel) to rapid slat) collapses preceded by the formation of tension cracks parallel to the gully walls. Batik movement was commonly, correlated to rainfall or snowmelt and associated head increases in the banks. If the banks are modelled as a two-dimensional slab with an adjacent tension crack partly filled with water, measured heads were sufficient to cause batik failures through reduction of frictional support at the base of the slat). During winter months, air temperature variations across 0 degrees C were correlated with batik movement: during mildly Subfreezing periods banks expanded, and most, but Usually not all, of this movement was recovered during above-freezing periods. This motion is attributed to frost heave followed by thawing Deformation of the banks by heaving and thawing during winter may weaken them and prime them for failure during spring rains and snowmelt, when the frequency of mass-wasting events is highest. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
机译：在爱荷华州西部，谷底沟的加宽和河岸坡度的减少与36年期间地下流量的增加有关。为了研究这种沟壑的河岸塌陷，我们在两年的时间内几乎连续测量了降雨，气温，河岸附近的水头和蜡染运动。从不易察觉的纱架到快速板条的移动，各种样式都崩溃了，然后形成平行于沟壁的拉力裂缝。蜡染运动通常与降雨或融雪及河岸的水头增加有关。如果将堤岸建模为二维平板，相邻的拉伸裂缝部分充满水，则测得的水头足以通过减少板条底部的摩擦支撑而导致蜡染失败。在冬季，气温在0摄氏度之间的变化与蜡染的运动有关：在亚冰点温和的时期，河床扩张，大部分（但不是全部）这种运动在冰点以上的温度就恢复了。这种运动归因于冻胀后的融化。在冬季，由于大量浪费事件的发生频率最高，在冬季，通过隆起和融化使堤岸变形可能会削弱它们并使其破裂。版权所有（C）2008 John Wiley and Sons，Ltd.

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