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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Mineral accumulations induced by biological activity on granitic rocks in qinghai plateau, china
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Mineral accumulations induced by biological activity on granitic rocks in qinghai plateau, china

机译：青海高原花岗质岩石生物活性诱发的矿物质堆积

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摘要

Fragments of weathered granitic rocks from the Kunlun Shan, Qinghai Plateau (China) were investigated to elucidate the influence of biotic crusts on the breakdown of granitic rocks in an alpine environment. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive system and X-ray diffractometry were used to describe the nature and properties of mineral accumulations on the rock surface. Results showed that organic salts such as calcium oxalate and calcium formate are associated with Aspicilia caesiocinera (Nyl.ex Malbr.) Arnold, Caloplaca sp., Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th.Fr., and Lecidea plana (Lahm) Nyl. Secondary accumulations of 2:1clays minerals are found in A. caesiocinera while oxides of manganese are associated with X. elegans. Coatings of goethite (iron oxides) are believed to form from biological activity associated with the presence of hyphae and rodlet structures on the flakes. Calcium oxalate crystallizes into several morphologies such as druse, hexagonal plates, and lenticular containing between 20 and 48 per cent calcium by weight. Calcium formate and iron oxide (goethite) occur together in the form of 'red' desert varnish. Observed 'black' coatings contain as much as 37 per cent manganese and 22 per cent iron. Clay accumulations have plate-like morphology and contain c. 2:1 silicon to aluinium contents. We argue that organic acids from the activities of biotic crusts contribute to the breakdown of granitic rocks. Fungi accelerate the breakdown of granitic rocks through the growth of fungal hyphae along the 001 cleavage planes in primary chloritic minerals.
机译：研究了来自青海高原昆仑山的风化花岗岩岩石的碎片，以阐明生物结壳对高山环境中花岗岩破碎的影响。利用能量分散系统的扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射法描述了岩石表面矿物堆积的性质和特性。结果表明，草酸盐钙和甲酸钙等有机盐与Aspicilia caesiocinera（Nyl.ex Malbr。）Arnold，Caloplaca sp。，Xanthoria elegans（Link）Th.Fr.和Lecidea plana（Lahm）Nyl有关。 Caesiocinera中发现了2：1粘土矿物的次生堆积，而锰的氧化物与线虫X.相关。针铁矿（氧化铁）的涂层被认为是由与薄片上菌丝和棒状结构的存在相关的生物活性形成的。草酸钙结晶成多种形态，例如玻璃瓶，六角板和双凸透镜，其中钙的含量为20％至48％。甲酸钙和氧化铁（针铁矿）以“红色”沙漠清漆的形式同时存在。观察到的“黑色”涂层含有多达37％的锰和22％的铁。粘土堆积物具有板状形态并含有c。硅与铝的含量为2：1。我们认为，来自生物结壳活动的有机酸有助于花岗岩的分解。真菌通过沿主要裂解性氯矿物质中001裂解面的真菌菌丝的生长，加速了花岗岩的分解。

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