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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Dynamics of soil erosion rates and controlling factors in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands - towards a sediment budget
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Dynamics of soil erosion rates and controlling factors in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands - towards a sediment budget

机译：埃塞俄比亚北部高地土壤侵蚀速率及其控制因素的动态-走向沉积物预算

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This paper analyses the factors that control rates and extent of soil erosion processes in the 199 ha May Zegzeg catchment near Hagere Selam in the Tigray Highlands (Northern Ethiopia). This catchment, characterized by high elevations (2100-2650 m a.s.l.) and a subhorizontal structural relief, is typical for the Northern Ethiopian Highlands. Soil loss rates due to various erosion processes, as well as sediment yield rates and rates of sediment deposition within the catchment (essentially induced by recent soil conservation activities), were measured using a range of geomorphological methods. The area-weighted average rate of soil erosion by water in the catchment, measured over four years (1998-2001), is 14(.)8 t ha(-1) y(-1), which accounts for 98% of the change in potential energy of the landscape. Considering these soil loss rates by water, 28% is due to gully erosion. Other geomorphic processes, such as tillage erosion and rock fragment displacement by gravity and livestock trampling, are also important, either within certain land units, or for their impact on agricultural productivity. Estimated mean sediment deposition rate within the catchment equals 9(.)2 t ha(-1) y(-1). Calculated sediment yield (5-6 t ha(-1) y(-1)) is similar to sediment yield measured in nearby catchments. Seventy-four percent of total soil loss by sheet and rill erosion is trapped in exclosures and behind stone bunds. The anthropogenic factor is dominant in controlling present-day erosion processes in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands. Human activities have led to an overall increase in erosion process intensities, but, through targeted interventions, rural society is now well on the way to control and reverse the degradation processes, as can be demonstrated through the sediment budget. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：本文分析了在提格里高地（埃塞俄比亚北部）哈格勒西兰附近199公顷May Zegzeg集水区控制土壤侵蚀过程的速率和程度的因素。该流域的特点是高海拔（2100-2650 m a.s.l.）和水平以下的构造起伏，这是埃塞俄比亚北部高地的典型特征。使用各种地貌方法测量了由于各种侵蚀过程而导致的土壤流失率，以及流域内的沉积物产率和沉积物沉积速率（主要是由最近的土壤保护活动引起的）。该流域的面积加权平均水蚀率（四年（1998-2001年））为14（。）8 t ha（-1）y（-1），占该地区的98％。景观势能的变化。考虑到这些水造成的土壤流失率，有28％是由于沟壑侵蚀造成的。其他地貌过程，例如耕作侵蚀和由于重力和牲畜践踏而造成的碎石位移，在某些土地单位内或对农业生产力的影响方面也很重要。流域内估计的平均沉积物沉积速率等于9（。）2 t ha（-1）y（-1）。计算出的泥沙产量（5-6 t ha（-1）y（-1））与附近流域的泥沙产量相似。因表土和小溪侵蚀而流失的土壤总量的百分之七十四被围困在围墙和石堤后面。人为因素在控制埃塞俄比亚北部高地的当今侵蚀过程中占主导地位。人类活动已导致侵蚀过程强度的总体增加，但是，通过有针对性的干预措施，农村社会现在正在控制和逆转退化过程的道路上，正如沉积物预算所证明的那样。版权所有（c）2007 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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