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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Butte detachment: How pre-rift geological structure and drainage integration drive escarpment evolution at rifted continental margins
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Butte detachment: How pre-rift geological structure and drainage integration drive escarpment evolution at rifted continental margins

机译：孤峰分离：裂谷前的地质构造和排水一体化如何驱动裂谷大陆边缘的悬崖演化

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The erosional pattern of passive margins often follows the fabric of ancient, compressional geological structures exposed by the topographic energy of rifting. As erosion cuts into these belted outcrop systems they impose initial and boundary conditions that steer drainage recession into the plateau edge and control escarpment-forming conditions. Pattern therefore controls process. Although generic surface process models predict scarp patterns and retreat in settings devoid of geological heterogeneity, they tend to do so only at isolated locations and for periods shorter than the lifespan of the escarpments. Thus, to focus on relatively narrow strike-perpendicular swaths of passive margin topography misses important aspects of drainage integration, which involves mobile drainage basin boundaries shifting across but also along the strike of inherited geological structures and through continental-scale bioclimatic zones. Space-for-time substitution along three passive margin escarpments (Blue Ridge, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats) reveals the significance of escarpment jumps and the detachment of topographic outliers, here generically termed 'buttes', as key processes of escarpment evolution. The examples show that these continental escarpments are strongly patterned after pre-rift structural and lithological heterogeneities. As seaward sloping drainages cut into the rift margin, they extend their drainage heads in a non-uniform and unsteady fashion. As a result escarpments can form, be destroyed, reform, and leave topographic vestiges (buttes) of the retreating escarpment. Given the pre-rift geological heterogeneities, there are no a priori reasons why escarpment landscape change should be uniform, steady or self-similar.
机译：被动边缘的侵蚀模式通常遵循古老的，受裂谷地形能量暴露的压缩地质结构。当侵蚀侵蚀到这些带状露头系统中时，它们会施加初始条件和边界条件，从而将排水衰退引导到高原边缘并控制悬崖形成条件。模式因此控制过程。尽管一般的表面过程模型可以预测陡峭的形态和在没有地质异质性的环境中的退缩，但它们往往仅在孤立的位置进行，且持续时间短于悬崖的寿命。因此，只关注相对狭窄的被动边缘地形的垂线垂直带，错过了排水一体化的重要方面，这涉及到移动的流域边界跨越但也沿着继承的地质构造的走向以及大陆规模的生物气候带移动。沿三个被动边缘悬崖（蓝脊，西高止山脉，东高止山脉）的时空置换揭示了悬崖跳变的重要性和地形离群点的分离（这里统称为“'”）是悬崖演变的关键过程。这些例子表明，这些陆上悬崖在裂谷前的构造和岩性非均质性之后被强烈图案化。当向海倾斜的排水管切入裂谷边缘时，它们以不均匀且不稳定的方式延伸排水管头。结果，悬崖可以形成，破坏，改造并留下后退悬崖的地形遗迹（（）。考虑到裂谷前的地质异质性，没有先验的理由可以使悬崖景观变化保持一致，稳定或自相似。

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