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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >The influence of Pacific salmon decay products on near-field streambed sediment and organic matter dynamics: a flume simulation
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The influence of Pacific salmon decay products on near-field streambed sediment and organic matter dynamics: a flume simulation

机译：太平洋鲑鱼腐烂产物对近场河床沉积物和有机质动力学的影响：水槽模拟

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Pacific salmon are biogeomorphic agents shown to induce positive feedbacks on their natal watersheds. However, the literature documenting their ecological effects on in-stream natal environments is more divisive. The disturbance salmon create during redd construction has the potential to reduce stream productivity. The pulse of salmon organic matter (SOM) and marine derived nutrients (MDNs) released during carcass decay has been reported as either stimulating in-stream productivity or having no local effect. To evaluate the ecological costs and benefits of salmon spawning events, MDN delivery and storage processes need to be identified and quantified. A simulation was conducted in three flow-through flumes (2m× 2m× 30m) over a 33-day period (consisting of 15 baseline, four MDN exposure, and 14 post-exposure days) to assess near-field sediment and organic matter dynamics during active and post-spawn simulations. The objective of the study was to measure changes in the amounts and particle sizes of suspended and gravel-stored fine sediment, in order to elucidate the process and significance of SOM recruitment to the gravel bed via sedimentation. Gravel beds in all flumes were enriched with SOM following treatments but the response was highest in the active spawn simulation. The more effective delivery in the active spawn simulation was attributed to its higher inorganic sediment concentration, which is known to enhance floc formation. Although the active spawn simulation delivered more SOM to the gravel bed, the post-spawn phase may be equally important to natural streams because its decay phase is longer than the active spawn and consequently can provide SOM to the streambed as long as carcasses remain in-stream. The delivery, and potential retention, of SOM to spawning streambeds and the intergravel environment may be particularly important for interior streams, which experience low flow conditions during the spawning phase and accordingly have the potential for hyporheic nutrient recruitment and storage.
机译：太平洋鲑鱼是一种生物地貌剂，被证明可以在其出生的分水岭上引起积极的反馈。但是，文献记录了它们对溪流内环境的生态影响更为分散。翻新施工过程中鲑鱼产生的干扰物可能会降低溪流生产率。据报道，decay体腐烂过程中释放的鲑鱼有机质（SOM）和海洋衍生营养素（MDNs）的脉搏要么刺激河内生产力，要么没有局部影响。为了评估鲑鱼产卵事件的生态成本和效益，需要确定和量化MDN的输送和储存过程。在33天的时间内（包括15个基线，4个MDN暴露量和14个暴露后天数）对三个流通池（2m×2m×30m）进行了模拟，以评估近场沉积物和有机质的动态在活动和产后模拟过程中。该研究的目的是测量悬浮的和砾石储存的细颗粒沉积物的数量和粒径的变化，以阐明SOM通过沉淀作用募集到砾石层的过程和意义。处理后，所有水槽中的砾石床均富含SOM，但在主动产卵模拟中响应最高。在主动产卵模拟中更有效的传递归因于其较高的无机沉积物浓度，已知该浓度可增强絮凝物形成。尽管主动产卵模拟向砾石层传递了更多的SOM，但产后阶段对于自然流也可能同样重要，因为其衰变阶段要比主动产卵更长，因此只要cas体保持在内部，就可以向流化床提供SOM。流。 SOM向产卵河床和砾石环境的输送和潜在保留对于内部流特别重要，因为内部流在产卵阶段经历了低流量条件，因此具有流变性养分吸收和储存的潜力。

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