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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Channel evolution of the pre-channelized danube river in bratislava, slovakia (1712-1886)
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Channel evolution of the pre-channelized danube river in bratislava, slovakia (1712-1886)

机译：斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发的预河道化多瑙河河道演变（1712-1886）

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摘要

Channel adjustments of the Danube River near Bratislava, Slovakia, are reconstructed from historical river maps for 1712-1886, the period preceding mid-course channelization. The study reach comprised an anastomosing-meandering planform, characteristic of the upper area of a large alluvial fan. The key mechanisms of channel change were avulsions through channel switching into chute channels, meander development through progression and cutoffs, and abandonment of secondary channels. The gravel-bed Danube River was characterized by rapid rates of lateral erosion (maxima from 7.5 to 37 m a~(-1)), and extensive areas of point bars and gravel bars. Within three to seven years, new bars were stabilized by Salici-Populatum woodlands which subsequently developed into more stable vegetated islands. Human interventions were relatively common and frequent in the past, though increasing fluvial activity during the 18th century was responsible for their limited effectiveness. Uncontrollable lateral erosion at Petrzalka village, terminated only by a switch in positionof the Danube River upstream from Bratislava (1766-1774), appears to be closely related to increasing ice-floods and other high magnitude flood events in the latter half of the 18th century. These events were coincident with the peak of the Little Ice Age. The effect of floods was probably amplified by human works which resulted in stabilization of secondary channels, simplification of the river pattern, and concentration and widening of the main channel. A further sign of channel readjustment to new conditions was the evolution of new large meanders, a tendency for channel switching and production of new anastomosing-meandering parallel channels.
机译：斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发附近的多瑙河河道调整是从1712至1886年的历史河道图重建的，这是中段河道化之前的时期。研究范围包括一个吻合弯道平面图，这是大型冲积扇上部区域的特征。渠道变化的关键机制是通过将渠道转换为斜槽渠道而引起撕脱，通过进行和切断而形成曲折发展以及放弃次要渠道。砾石床多瑙河的特点是横向侵蚀速度快（最大值从7.5到37 m a〜（-1）），并且点坝和砾石坝的面积很大。在三到七年内，Salici-Populatum林地稳定了新的栅栏，随后这些林地发展成为更加稳定的植被岛。过去，人为干预相对普遍和频繁，尽管在18世纪期间人们的活动增多是造成其有效性有限的原因。 Petrzalka村的不可控制的横向侵蚀仅由布拉迪斯拉发（1766-1774）上游多瑙河的位置切换而终止，似乎与18世纪下半叶洪水和其他大洪水事件的增加密切相关。这些事件与“小冰河时代”的高峰相吻合。洪水的影响可能是由于人为因素而扩大的，从而导致次要通道的稳定，河流格局的简化以及主要通道的集中和拓宽。通道适应新条件的另一个迹象是新的大弯道的演变，通道转换的趋势以及生产新的吻合曲率平行通道的趋势。

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