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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >The Influence of groundwater on surface flow erosion processes during a rainstorm
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The Influence of groundwater on surface flow erosion processes during a rainstorm

机译：暴雨过程中地下水对地表径流侵蚀过程的影响

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Surface erosion rates on a disturbed natural soil in a 10 m indoor flume increased by an order of magnitude when a water table developed at a 10 cm depth during simulated rainstorms. Erosion rate increases did not correlate well with surface hydraulic flow conditions, and all significant erosion increases began before the full soil depth was saturated, before the water table reached the soil surface, and before seepage was possible. Groundwater influenced erosion processes primarily by increasing unsaturated pore-water pressures and decreasing soil shear strength in surface rainflow, rather than through the direct entrainment of soil particles by seepage flow. There was no unique morphologic expression of the influence of groundwater during a rainstorm. Subsurface processes influencing surface erosion were detected only by appropriate subsurface instrumentation, which included micropiezometers, tensiometers and time domain reflectometry. Erosion rate increases occurred all along the slope, and were not concentrated at the base of slope due to a seepage zone. Soil depth was crucial to determining surface erosion increase. It is likely that confusing trends in surface flow erosion rates in past studies have occurred due to unrecorded groundwater development or an emphasis on seepage effects. Groundwater must be monitored along hillslopes under all moisture and soil conditions in order to avoid misleading and inconsistent conclusions derived solely from surface flow or seepage data.
机译：在模拟暴雨期间，当地下水位在10 cm深度处发展时，室内10 m水槽中受干扰的天然土壤的表面侵蚀率增加了一个数量级。侵蚀速率的增加与地表水力流动条件没有很好的相关性，并且所有显着的侵蚀增加都在整个土壤深度饱和之前，地下水位到达土壤表面之前以及可能发生渗漏之前就开始了。地下水主要通过增加不饱和孔隙水压力和降低地表雨流中的土壤剪切强度来影响侵蚀过程，而不是通过渗流直接夹带土壤颗粒。在暴雨过程中，没有地下水影响的独特形态学表达。仅通过适当的地下仪器（包括显微测压仪，张力计和时域反射仪）检测影响表面侵蚀的地下过程。侵蚀率的增加沿整个斜坡发生，并且由于渗流区而没有集中在斜坡的底部。土壤深度对于确定表面侵蚀的增加至关重要。在过去的研究中，由于未记录的地下水发育或对渗流影响的重视，已经出现了令人困惑的地表水侵蚀速率趋势。在所有水分和土壤条件下，都必须沿山坡对地下水进行监测，以避免仅由地表流量或渗流数据得出的误导性和不一致的结论。

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