The use of mycorrhiza for eco-engineering measures in steep alpine environments:effects on soil aggregate formation and fine-root development

Alexander Bast; Wolfgang Wilcke; Frank Graf; Peter Lüscher; Holger G?rtner

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The use of mycorrhiza for eco-engineering measures in steep alpine environments:effects on soil aggregate formation and fine-root development

机译：菌根在陡峭高山环境中的生态工程措施中的应用：对土壤团聚体形成和细根发育的影响

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Steep erosion-prone and vegetation-free slopes are widespread in alpine areas and are often discussed since they have a high socio-economic damage potential. We present an eco-engineering approach to test whether a mycorrhizal inoculum improves the establishment of hedge brush layers and in turn soil structural stability on a steep, coarse-grained vegetation-free slope in the eastern Swiss Alps. We established (i) mycorrhizal and (ii) non-mycorrhizal treated eco-engineered research plots on a field experimental scale, covering a total area of approximately 1000 m~2 on an east-northeast (ENE) exposed slope, where many environmental parameters can be regarded as homogeneous. After a full vegetation period, we quantified soil aggregate stability, the formation of water stable aggregates and the fine-root development. Our results illustrate that the establishment of brush layers without mycorrhizal inoculum increased aggregate stability significantly. Against our expectation and glasshouse experiments, the addition of mycorrhizal inoculum did not have a statistically significant effect after one vegetation period although it tended to increase aggregate stability. Analogously, root length density (RLD) tended to be higher at the non-mycorrhizal treated site. Aggregate stability was significantly correlated with RLD. Studies on a bigger field experimental scale are inevitable, complement glasshouse studies and lead to a better understanding for a successful application of sustainable eco-engineering measures in alpine environments. Based on our results and considering the fact that the response time in natural ecosystems may be slower than in laboratory approaches, we conclude that long-term field studies are necessary to validate results gained through laboratory experiments.

机译：陡峭易侵蚀和无植被的斜坡在高山地区很普遍，由于它们具有很高的社会经济破坏潜力，因此经常被讨论。我们提出了一种生态工程方法来测试菌根接种物是否能改善瑞士阿尔卑斯山东部陡峭，无粗粒植被的斜坡上树篱刷毛层的建立，进而改善土壤结构的稳定性。我们在野外实验规模上建立了（i）菌根治疗和（ii）未经菌根处理的生态工程研究区，覆盖了东北向（ENE）裸露的斜坡上约1000 m〜2的总面积，其中许多环境参数可以认为是同质的。经过一个完整的植被期后，我们量化了土壤团聚体的稳定性，水稳定团聚体的形成和细根发育。我们的结果表明，无菌根接种物的刷层的建立显着提高了聚集体的稳定性。与我们的预期和温室试验相反，菌根接种物的添加在一个植被期后没有统计学上的显着效果，尽管它倾向于增加聚集体的稳定性。类似地，在非菌根治疗部位，根长密度（RLD）倾向于更高。骨料稳定性与RLD显着相关。更大范围的野外实验规模的研究是不可避免的，它是对温室研究的补充，可以使人们更好地了解在高山环境中成功应用可持续生态工程措施的情况。根据我们的结果，并考虑到自然生态系统中的响应时间可能比实验室方法慢的事实，我们得出结论，需要长期的现场研究来验证通过实验室实验获得的结果。

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《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》 |2014年第13期|共11页
作者
Alexander Bast; Wolfgang Wilcke; Frank Graf; Peter Lüscher; Holger G?rtner;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类地球物理学;
关键词
mycorrhizal inoculation; aggregate stability; erosion; root length density (RLD); hedge brush layers;

机译：菌根接种;聚集稳定性;侵蚀;根长密度（RLD）;对冲刷层;

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1. The use of mycorrhiza for eco-engineering measures in steep alpine environments:effects on soil aggregate formation and fine-root development [J] . Alexander Bast, Wolfgang Wilcke, Frank Graf, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group . 2014,第13期

机译：菌根在陡峭高山环境中的生态工程措施中的应用：对土壤团聚体形成和细根发育的影响
2. Aggregated and complementary: symmetric proliferation, overyielding, and mass effects explain fine-root biomass in soil patches in a diverse temperate deciduous forest landscape [J] . Valverde-Barrantes Oscar J., Smemo Kurt A., Feinstein Larry M., The New Phytologist . 2015,第2期

机译：聚集和互补：对称扩散，过度增产和质量效应解释了温带落叶森林景观中土壤斑块中的细根生物量
3. Effects of grazing on the allocation of mass of soil aggregates and aggregate-associated organic carbon in an alpine meadow [J] . Jiwei Wang, Chengzhang Zhao, Lianchun Zhao, PLoS One . 2020,第6期

机译：放牧对阿尔卑斯山草甸土壤聚集体和骨料相关有机碳分配的影响
4. Stabilization of Soil Aggregates in Relation to Soil Redistribution by Intensive Tillage on a Steep Hillslope [C] . Yong Wang, Zhuang Xiong, Wuxian Yan International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection . 2014

机译：稳定耕地稳定耕地与土壤重新分配相关土壤骨料的稳定
5. Potential Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi on Denitrification Potential Activity and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions From a Fertile Agricultural Soil [D] . Okiobe, Simon Thierry. 2019

机译：灌注霉菌对肥华农业土壤脱氮潜力活性和二氮氧化亚氮（N2O）排放的潜在影响
6. Effects of grazing on the allocation of mass of soil aggregates and aggregate-associated organic carbon in an alpine meadow [O] . Jiwei Wang, Chengzhang Zhao, Lianchun Zhao, 2020

机译：放牧对高山草甸土壤聚集体和骨料相关有机碳分配的影响
7. Financial Development and the Distributional Effects of Monetary Policy Do the distributional consequences of monetary policy depend on the extent of financial development? Should optimal monetary policy vary across countries? In order to answer these questions, we develop a monetary growth production model with heterogeneous agents. In our economy, optimal policy needs to weigh the effects of policy across two groups — capital owners and individuals who hold liquid assets. While banks help limit the exposure to inflation, there are limits because money alleviates the frictions of private information and limited communication. In this environment, we compare two economies that are identical in every aspect except for their level of financial development. In a country with limited financial development, a stock market is absent. In the other, an equity market is active. In either economy, inflation adversely affects capital formation and output. Individuals who hold liquid assets are always adversely affected by inflation, but the attitude of capital owners depends on the level of financial development. In particular, in the presence of a stock market, the impact of inflation on the welfare of capital owners is non-monotonic. Nevertheless, optimal monetary policy is always more conservative at higher levels of financial development. [O] . TINA M. Edgar A. Ghossoub, TINA M. Robert R. Reedy 100

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The use of mycorrhiza for eco-engineering measures in steep alpine environments:effects on soil aggregate formation and fine-root development

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