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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Morphological records of storm floods exemplified by the impact of the 1872 Baltic storm on a sandy spit system in south-eastern Denmark
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Morphological records of storm floods exemplified by the impact of the 1872 Baltic storm on a sandy spit system in south-eastern Denmark

机译：风暴洪水的形态学记录以1872年波罗的海风暴对丹麦东南部的沙嘴系统的影响为例

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Beach-ridge systems are important geo-archives providing evidence for past wave climate including catastrophic storm flood events. This study investigates the morphological impacts of the 1872 Baltic storm flood on a beach-ridge system (sandy spit) in south-eastern Denmark and evaluates the frequency of extreme storm flood events in the area over a longer time perspective. This paper combines field studies of morphology and sedimentary deposits, studies of historical maps, digital terrain model, ground-penetrating radar profiles, and luminescence dating. Sea water reached 2.8 m above mean sea level (amsl) during peak inundation and, based on studies of the morphological impacts of the 1872 storm flood, the event can be divided into four phases. Phase 1: increasing mean water levels and wave activity at the beach brought sediments from the beach (intertidal bars and normal berm) higher up in the profile and led to the formation of a storm-berm. Phase 2: water levels further increased and sediment in the upper part of the profile continued to build up the storm-berm. Phase 3: water levels now reached the top of the dune ridge and were well above the storm-berm level. Sea water was breaching the dune ridge at several sites and wash-over fans were generated until a level where the mean water level had dropped too much. Phase 4: the non-vegetated wash-over fans functioned as pathways for aeolian sand transport and relatively high dunes were formed in particular along the margins of the fan where aeolian sand was trapped by existing vegetation. The studied beach-ridge system records about 4500 years of accumulation; the storm flood sediments described are unique suggesting that the 1872 Baltic storm flood event was an extreme event. Thus studies of beach-ridge systems form a new source for understanding storm surge risk.
机译：滩脊系统是重要的地质档案，为过去的海浪气候（包括灾难性风暴洪水事件）提供证据。这项研究调查了1872年波罗的海风暴洪灾对丹麦东南部的海滩-山脊系统（桑迪吐水）的形态学影响，并从更长的角度评估了该地区极端风暴洪灾发生的频率。本文结合了形态学和沉积物的野外研究，历史地图，数字地形模型，探地雷达轮廓和发光测年的研究。在洪峰淹没期间，海水达到平均海平面（amsl）的2.8 m，根据对1872年暴洪的形态学影响的研究，该事件可分为四个阶段。阶段1：海滩上平均水位的增加和波浪活动的增加使海滩上的沉积物（潮间带和正常护堤）的轮廓更高，并导致了风暴堤的形成。阶段2：水位进一步增加，剖面上部的沉积物继续积聚暴风雨。阶段3：现在的水位达到了沙丘山脊的顶部，并且远远超过了风暴边缘的水位。海水在几个地点突破了沙丘脊，并产生了冲洗风扇，直到平均水位下降太多为止。阶段4：无植被的冲刷扇起了风沙输送的作用，并且相对较高的沙丘形成了，特别是沿着扇形的边缘，那里的风沙被现有的植被困住了。所研究的滩脊系统记录了约4500年的积聚。所描述的风暴洪水沉积物是独特的，这表明1872年的波罗的海风暴洪水事件是极端事件。因此，对海滩山脊系统的研究为理解风暴潮的风险提供了新的来源。

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