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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Spatial distribution of surface properties, runoff generation and landscape development in the Zin Valley Badlands, northern Negev, Israel
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Spatial distribution of surface properties, runoff generation and landscape development in the Zin Valley Badlands, northern Negev, Israel

机译：以色列内盖夫北部Zin谷荒地的地表特性，径流产生和景观发展的空间分布

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Infiltration tests, soil mapping and soil property analysis were used to assess the effect of within-storm rainfall conditions on spatial patterns of surface characteristics relevant for runoff generation, continuity and erosion in the Zin Valley Badlands. Runoff and erosion differ strongly between ridges and slopes. Soils at both locations are susceptible to seating, but on the sideslopes deep desiccation cracks inhibit continuous flow, even during high magnitude rainstorms. The discontinuous nature of runoff has a feedback on surface conditions. Erosion on the ridges maintains shallow soils prone to sealing while infiltration and deposition on the sideslopes enhance soil depth, a prerequisite for stable desiccation cracks. Some runoff generated on the ridges is transmitted to the valley via rills. On straight sidestopes, rills are single and often discontinuous, indicating limited frequency of continuous runoff. Along concave valley heads, rill systems are well integrated and continuous, concentrating runoff and reducing infiltration losses along slopes.The longitudinal, V-shaped valley morphology of small catchments in the Zin Valley Badlands reflects the long-term effect of different erosion rates in valley heads and on sideslopes. Over time, valley incision lengthened the sideslopes, reducing the portion of annual rainfall that was runoff-effective. Once sideslopes reached a critical length that inhibited frequent continuous flow, a colluvium with an increased infiltration capacity developed, reducing runoff frequency even further. Consequently, erosion on the valley sideslopes decreased. Continuous flow from ridges to the valley channel remained more common in integrated rill systems in concavities and valley heads, leading to more erosion and retreat of the valley heads.The spatial patterns of runoff and erosion in the Zin Valley Badlands demonstrate that landscape development is strongly affected by processes that lead to differentiation of soil properties on hillslopes with uniform lithology. The patterns of surface characteristics and their role in landscape development are strongly dependent on rainfall conditions, highlighting the need for geomorphologists to identify the dynamic spatial and temporal scales relevant for landscape development. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
机译：渗透测试，土壤测绘和土壤特性分析被用于评估暴雨内降雨条件对锌谷荒地的径流产生，连续性和侵蚀相关的表面特征空间格局的影响。山脊和斜坡之间的径流和侵蚀差异很大。两个地方的土壤都容易生根，但在边坡上，即使是在大暴雨期间，深层的干燥裂缝也会阻止连续流动。径流的不连续性对地表条件有反馈。垄上的侵蚀使浅层土壤易于封闭，而边坡的渗透和沉积则增加了土壤深度，这是稳定的干燥裂缝的前提。在山脊上产生的一些径流通过小溪传递到山谷。在直的边挡处，小溪是单个的，通常是不连续的，表明连续径流的频率有限。沿凹谷头，钻孔系统很好地整合和连续，集中了径流并减少了沿斜坡的渗透损失。Zin谷荒地小流域的纵向V型谷形态反映了谷地不同侵蚀速率的长期影响头和边坡。随着时间的流逝，山谷切口增加了边坡的长度，减少了对径流有效的年降雨量。一旦边坡达到阻止频繁连续流动的临界长度，就会出现渗透能力增强的集积层，从而进一步降低径流频率。因此，山谷边坡的侵蚀减少了。从山脊到山谷河道的连续水流在凹坑和山谷顶部的综合钻孔系统中仍然很普遍，导致山谷顶部更多的侵蚀和后退。Zin山谷荒地的径流和侵蚀的空间格局表明，景观发展非常强劲。受导致岩性一致的山坡土壤特性差异的过程的影响。表面特征的模式及其在景观发展中的作用在很大程度上取决于降雨条件，这突出表明地貌学家需要确定与景观发展相关的动态时空尺度。版权所有（C）2004 John Wiley Sons，Ltd.

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