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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Road construction and gully erosion in west pokot, Kenya
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Road construction and gully erosion in west pokot, Kenya

机译：肯尼亚西波科特的道路建设和沟壑侵蚀

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The study of soil erosion in Kenya is largely limited to agricultural and pastoral land. Little attention has been given to the effects of roads on soil erosion, although they cause more inconvenience than any other form of soil erosion. The object of this study is the B4, an unpaved road leading from the Marich Pass up the Kerio valley. this road runs across the footslopes of a steep scarp fault, in a climate with torrential rainfall. The footslopes consist of alluvial fans, pediments and terraces. Aerial photographs from 1963 show no erosion along the road: the 162 culverts and drifts were apparently adequate to cope with the drainage of the footslopes. Roadside gully formation is now a big problem for the road engineers. The 1 km sections of the road marked by the Ministry of Public Works have been used as the units of research, to facilitate exhcnage of information with the road engineers. In each section of the first 42 km of the road, the volumes of the roadside gullies were measured, along with erosion factors related to type of cross-drainage construction, stability of the roadside material, geomorphological parameters and decrease in soil cover above the road since 1963. There is a strong correlation between roadside gullies, alluvial fans and decrease of soil cover. The road engineers were guided by geomorphological principles when designing the road. They preferred drifts, although these dips in the road surface are uncomfortable to pass by car. Drifts resemble natural drainage channels more closely than culverts and cause less damage in the fields below the road. The later settlers also showed geomorphological sense by preferring the smooth surfaces and well drained fine-grained soils of the alluvial fans. The research demonstrates a common problem of road design in developing countries: however carefully the measures against erosion are designed, they become rapidly outdated because a new road attracts settlement. Deterioration of surface drainage and erosion start at unforeseeable points where people choose to settle.
机译：肯尼亚对水土流失的研究主要限于农业和牧地。尽管道路比任何其他形式的土壤侵蚀带来更多的不便，但很少关注道路对土壤侵蚀的影响。这项研究的目标是B4，这是一条未铺设的道路，从Marich Pass通往Kerio山谷。在倾盆大雨的气候下，这条路横穿陡峭断层断层的山坡。斜坡由冲积扇，山和梯田组成。 1963年的航拍照片显示沿路没有侵蚀：162个涵洞和漂流显然足以应付山坡的排水。现在，路边沟渠的形成对道路工程师来说是一个大问题。由公共工程部标记的1公里路段已被用作研究单位，以方便与公路工程师交流信息。在道路的前42公里的每个部分中，测量了路边沟渠的体积，以及与交叉排水设施的类型，路边材料的稳定性，地貌参数和道路上方土壤覆盖率减少有关的侵蚀因素自1963年以来。路旁的沟壑，冲积扇和土壤覆盖率的减少之间有着很强的相关性。道路工程师在设计道路时要遵循地貌原则。他们更喜欢漂移，尽管路面上的这些倾斜不适合驾车驶过。排水沟比涵洞更像天然排水渠，对道路下方的田地造成的损害较小。后来的定居者也偏爱冲积扇的光滑表面和排水良好的细粒土壤，从而表现出地貌感。该研究表明了发展中国家道路设计中的一个普遍问题：尽管精心设计了防腐蚀措施，但由于一条新的道路吸引了定居点，它们很快就过时了。表面排水和侵蚀的恶化始于人们选择定居的不可预见的点。

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