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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >A review of two strongly contrasting geomorphological systems within the context of scale
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A review of two strongly contrasting geomorphological systems within the context of scale

机译：规模背景下的两个强烈不同的地貌系统回顾

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Scale issues are often addressed in contemporary geo-ecological studies and form one of the major challenges in the fields of physical geography, hydrology and ecology. In this paper the application of hierarchy theory and response units is proposed as an approach towards scale-transcending environmental studies on degradation and geomorphological development. Goals of the research were to establish which processes are important at what spatio-temporal scale, how hydrogeomogrphological response is influenced by biological processes and whether hierarchy theory and the response unit approach can be used as an up-scaling methodology. Results from two climatologically and geomorphological different regions are discussed, one dominated by water shortage (SE Spain) and the other by water surplus (Luxembourg). In both cases detailed process research was carried out at scales ranging from the micro-lot to the catchment. Process research was concentrated on understanding and quantifying sediment and water transfer through the geo-ecosystems studied. Outcomes showed that in both cases the role of biological processes was important in the hydrological and degradation response of both areas. This was not only true for the finest scale levels but also had its impact on the emerging properties and response at the hillslope and catchment level. Connectivity of runoff-generating and runoff-absorbing areas was important on all scale levels. Connectivity is dominated by both the rainfall magnitude-frequency-duration characteristics and physically and biologically controlled thresholds, which range from initial soil moisture contents, vegetation patterns or soil biological activity, to the presence of water harvesting structures. The complex interrelationships of the processes involved showed that linear up-scaling from fine to broad scale is impossible, as many thresholds and non-linear processes are involved at specific scales. The identified response units are used to integrate these complex relationships in a relatively manageable way, and may provide a useful framework for up-scaling, and for understanding catchment hydro-geomorphological response and development.
机译：规模问题通常在当代地球生态学研究中得到解决，并且是自然地理，水文学和生态学领域的主要挑战之一。在本文中，提出了层次理论和响应单元的应用，以作为对退化和地貌发展进行规模超越环境研究的一种方法。该研究的目标是确定哪些过程在什么时空尺度上很重要，水文地貌响应如何受到生物过程影响以及层次理论和响应单位方法是否可以用作放大方法。讨论了两个气候和地貌学不同地区的结果，一个地区以缺水为主（东南西班牙），另一个地区以缺水为主（卢森堡）。在这两种情况下，都进行了详细的工艺研究，规模从微田到集水区不等。过程研究集中于通过所研究的地球生态系统理解和量化沉积物和水的转移。结果表明，在这两种情况下，生物过程的作用在这两个地区的水文和退化响应中都很重要。这不仅适用于最佳规模，而且还对山坡和集水区的新兴特性和响应产生影响。径流产生区和径流吸收区的连通性在所有规模上都很重要。连通性受降雨量级-频率-持续时间特征以及物理和生物控制阈值的控制，这些阈值的范围从初始土壤水分含量，植被模式或土壤生物活性到集水结构的存在。所涉及过程的复杂相互关系表明，不可能从精细规模大规模扩展到大规模，因为在特定规模上涉及许多阈值和非线性过程。识别出的响应单位用于以相对可管理的方式整合这些复杂的关系，并且可以为扩大规模以及了解流域水文地貌响应和发展提供有用的框架。

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