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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: implications for land management
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Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: implications for land management

机译：践踏干扰前后，美国加利福尼亚州欧文堡（莫哈韦沙漠）的土壤风蚀性：对土地管理的影响

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Recently disturbed and 'control' (i.e. less recently disturbed) soils in the Mojave Desert were compared for their vulnerability to wind erosion, using a wind tunnel, before and after being experimentally trampled. Before trampling, control sites had greater cyanobacterial biomass, soil surface stability, threshold friction velocities (TFV; i.e. the wind speed required to move soil particles), and sediment yield than sites that had been more recently disturbed by military manoeuvres. After trampling, all sites showed a large drop in TFVs and a concomitant increase in sediment yield. Simple correlation analyses showed that the decline in TFVs and the rise in sediment yield were significantly related to cyanobacterial biomass (as indicated by soil chlorophyll a). However, chlorophyll a amounts were very low compared to chlorophyll a amounts found at cooler desert sites, where chlorophyll a is often the most important factor in determining TFV and sediment yield. Multiple regression analyses showed that other factors at Fort Irwin were more important than cyanobacterial biomass in determining the overall site susceptibility to wind erosion. These factors included soil texture (especially the fine, medium and coarse sand fractions), rock cover, and the inherent stability of the soil (as indicated by subsurface soil stability tests). Thus, our results indicate that there is a threshold of biomass below which cyanobacterial crusts are not the dominant factor in soil vulnerability to wind erosion. Most undisturbed soil surfaces in the Mojave Desert region produce very little sediment, but even moderate disturbance increases soil loss from these sites. Because current weathering rates and dust inputs are very low, soil formation rates are low as well. Therefore, soil loss in this region is likely to have long-term effects. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：在实验践踏之前和之后，使用风洞比较了莫哈韦沙漠中最近受到干扰和“控制”（即，较少受到干扰）的土壤对风蚀的脆弱性。在践踏之前，与最近受军事行动干扰的地点相比，控制地点的蓝细菌生物量，土壤表面稳定性，阈值摩擦速度（TFV;即移动土壤颗粒所需的风速）和沉积物产量更高。践踏后，所有站点的TFV均大幅下降，沉积物产量随之增加。简单的相关分析表明，TFV的下降和沉积物产量的上升与蓝藻生物量（与土壤叶绿素a的变化）显着相关。但是，与在较凉爽的沙漠地区发现的叶绿素a数量相比，叶绿素a的含量非常低，那里的叶绿素a通常是确定TFV和沉积物产量的最重要因素。多元回归分析表明，在确定整体站点对风蚀的敏感性时，艾文堡的其他因素比蓝细菌生物质更为重要。这些因素包括土壤质地（特别是细砂，中砂和粗砂），岩石覆盖率和土壤固有稳定性（如地下土壤稳定性测试所表明）。因此，我们的结果表明存在生物量阈值，低于该阈值时，蓝细菌结壳不是土壤易受风蚀影响的主要因素。莫哈韦沙漠地区大多数未扰动的土壤表面几乎不会产生沉积物，但即使是中度的干扰也会增加这些地点的土壤流失。由于当前的风化率和粉尘输入量非常低，因此土壤形成率也很低。因此，该地区的土壤流失可能会产生长期影响。 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.于2006年出版。

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