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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Tree root mounds and their role in transporting soil on forested landscapes
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Tree root mounds and their role in transporting soil on forested landscapes

机译：树根丘及其在森林景观中的土壤运输中的作用

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The growth and decay of tree roots can stir and transport soil. This is one process that contributes to the massmovement of soil on hillslope. To explore the efficiency of this process, we document the mounding of soil beside Ponderosa and Lodgepole pine trees in the forests that dominate the mid-elevations of Colorado's Boulder Creek watershed. Mounds are best expressed around Ponderosa pines, reaching vertical displacements above the far-field slopes of order 10-20 cm, fading into the slope by roughly 100cm distance from the trunks with common diameters of 30 cm. Positive mounding occurs on all sides of trees on slopes, indicating that the mounding is not attributable to deflection of a creeping flow of soil around the tree, but rather to the insertion of root volume on all sides in the subsurface. Mounding is commonly asymmetric even on cross-slope profiles. Significant variation in the mound sizes results in no clear relationship between tree diameter and root volume displaced. These observations motivated the development of a discrete element model of tree root growth using the LIGGGHTS model, in which grains we specified to be ‘root cells' were allowed to enlarge within the simulated granular matrix. Mounding could be reproduced, with the majority of the vertical displacement of the surface being attributable to reduction of the bulk density due to dilation of the granular matrix during root enlargement. Finally, we develop a previous analysis of the role of roots in transporting soil during growth and decay cycles.We find that even in shallow soils, the root-cycle can drive significant soil transport down forested montane slopes. Copyright ? 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：树根的生长和腐烂可以搅动和运输土壤。这是导致土壤在山坡上大量移动的一个过程。为了探索这一过程的效率，我们记录了在科罗拉多州博尔德溪流域中部海拔高地上的森林中黄松和黑松树旁边的土堆。丘陵最好在黄松周围表达，在远场坡度达到10-20厘米以上时达到垂直位移，与通常直径为30厘米的树干相距约100厘米的距离逐渐消失。斜坡上树木的所有侧面都发生正堆土，这表明堆土不归因于树木周围土壤蠕动流的偏转，而是归因于地下所有侧面的根部体积的插入。即使在横坡剖面上，筑土通常也是不对称的。土丘大小的显着变化导致树木直径与根体积移位之间没有明确的关系。这些发现促使人们使用LIGGGHTS模型开发了树根生长的离散元素模型，在该模型中，允许我们指定为“根细胞”的谷物在模拟的颗粒矩阵中扩大。可以复制土堆，表面的大部分垂直位移可归因于根部扩大过程中颗粒状基质膨胀而导致的堆积密度降低。最后，我们对根在生长和衰退周期中土壤运输中的作用进行了先前的分析，我们发现即使在浅土中，根循环也可以推动大量的土壤向森林深处的山坡上运输。版权？ 2013 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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